Cultural Psychology by S.J. Heine (third edition) – Book summary
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Cultural Psychology by S.J. Heine (third edition) – Summary chapter 14
Every culture provides a symptom pool of recognized and discussed symptoms that lead people to express their inner conflicts in a familiar language. There are cultural differences in the extent to which certain mental illnesses are prevalent and in the extent to which certain symptoms are part of mental disorders. There is also a difference in the way mental illnesses are perceived and dealt with (i.e. stigma).
There is a difference in psychologization and somatization of depression across cultures. This might be due to the social stigma associated with the disorder (1) and a different focus on internal emotional states across cultures (2).
It is not a good idea to use a therapist from a different culture than the patient. Cross-cultural psychotherapy leads to higher drop-out rates (1) and less effective treatment (2). It is more effective to make use of culturally adapted psychotherapy.
However, this requires cultural competence. This can be achieved by recognizing one’s own cultural influence (1), developing knowledge about the cultural background of a patient (2) and develop appropriate skills to be able to intervene in the therapy session in a way that is culturally sensitive and relevant (3). A therapist needs to be flexible about when it is appropriate to generalize from a client’s culture to mainstream culture and when it is more appropriate to individualize the client.
There are universal syndromes (table 1), mental disorders that exist in all cultures, although cultural differences can exist in prevalence and symptom expression. Culture bound syndromes (table 2) are syndromes that appear to be greatly influenced by cultural factors.
DISORDER | PRESUMED CAUSES | CULTURAL DIFFERENCES |
Depression | Neurotransmitter imbalance, stress associated with tragic life events. | Difference in prevalence across cultures. Psychologization in Western cultures. Somatization in Eastern cultures. |
Schizophrenia | Genetic factors, prenatal conditions | Paranoid sub-type is more prevalent in the United Kingdom. Catatonic sub-type is more prevalent in India. Better prognosis in non-industrialized societies. |
Social anxiety disorder | Not specified | Difference in prevalence across cultures. Interdependence leads to more social anxiety concerns but less diagnosis because social concerns are culturally normative. |
Suicide | Not specified | Increase in suicide rates in the elderly. Increase in suicide rates among indigenous people. Increase in suicide rates as a culture becomes more westernized. |
DISORDER | LOCATION | DESCRIPTION |
Dhat syndrome | South Asia | Anxiety because of a belief among young men that they are leaking semen. |
Bulimia nervosa | Western societies | Binge eating and induced vomiting. |
Koro | South and East Asia | A fear of one’s penis/nipple shrinking into the body which is believed to have harmful consequences. |
Amok | Southeast Asia (Malay culture) | An acute outburst of unrestrained violence, associated with homicidal attacks. It is preceded by periods of brooding and ends with exhaustion and amnesia. It is instigated by stress, lack of sleep and alcohol consumption. |
Hysteria | Mid-19th century Europe | Fainting, insomnia, sudden paralysis, temporary blindness, loss of appetite for food or sex, tendency to cause trouble. |
Neurasthenia | 19th-century Western societies | A disorder with more than 50 symptoms. |
Frigophobia | China | Morbid fear of catching a cold, leading people to always dress in warm clothes. |
Susto | Latin America | The feeling that a frightening experience has caused their soul to be dislodged from the body. |
Voodoo death | Africa | Excessive fear that a curse has been put on a person. |
Latah | Southeast Asia | Transient, disassociated state after some kind of startling event in which the person performs behaviour that is unusual or culturally inappropriate. The person has no memory of it at the end. |
Malgri | Australian aboriginals | Fear that entering a new territory without the right rituals will lead to a totemic spirit invading them, causing physical illness. |
Agonias | Portuguese and Azoreans | Anxiety disorder in which people report a burning sensation, loss of breath, hysterical blindness and eat- and sleeping disorders. |
Kufungisia | Zimbabwe, Caribbean, Africa, Native Americans and East Asia | Belief that the mind has been damaged by excessive thinking and can no longer properly function. It is characterised by panic attacks and irritability. |
Ataques de nervios | Puerto Rico | Emotionally charged settings lead to palpitations, numbness and a sense of heat rising to the head. |
Tajin kyoufushou (TKS) | Interdependent cultures | Fear of confronting others expressed in psychological and somatic symptoms. It is aimed at how uncomfortable others will be. |
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Cultural Psychology by S.J. Heine (third edition) – Book summary
Cultural Psychology – Interim exam 1 summary (UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM)
Cultural Psychology – Interim exam 1 summary (UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM)
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Cultural Psychology – Summary full (UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM)
Cultural Psychology – Summary full (UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM)
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This content is used in:
Cultural Psychology by S.J. Heine (third edition) – Book summary
- Cultural Psychology by S.J. Heine (third edition) – Summary chapter 1
- Cultural Psychology by S.J. Heine (third edition) – Summary chapter 2
- Cultural Psychology by S.J. Heine (third edition) – Summary chapter 3
- Cultural Psychology by S.J. Heine (third edition) – Summary chapter 4
- Cultural Psychology by S.J. Heine (third edition) – Summary chapter 5
- Cultural Psychology by S.J. Heine (third edition) – Summary chapter 6
- Cultural Psychology by S.J. Heine (third edition) – Summary chapter 7
- Cultural Psychology by S.J. Heine (third edition) – Summary chapter 8
- Cultural Psychology by S.J. Heine (third edition) – Summary chapter 9
- Cultural Psychology by S.J. Heine (third edition) – Summary chapter 10
- Cultural Psychology by S.J. Heine (third edition) – Summary chapter 11
- Cultural Psychology by S.J. Heine (third edition) – Summary chapter 14
Cultural Psychology – Summary full (UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM)
- Cultural Psychology by S.J. Heine (third edition) – Summary chapter 1
- Cultural Psychology by S.J. Heine (third edition) – Summary chapter 2
- Cultural Psychology by S.J. Heine (third edition) – Summary chapter 3
- Cultural Psychology by S.J. Heine (third edition) – Summary chapter 4
- Cultural Psychology by S.J. Heine (third edition) – Summary chapter 5
- Cultural Psychology by S.J. Heine (third edition) – Summary chapter 6
- Cultural Psychology by S.J. Heine (third edition) – Summary chapter 7
- Cultural Psychology by S.J. Heine (third edition) – Summary chapter 8
- Cultural Psychology by S.J. Heine (third edition) – Summary chapter 9
- Cultural Psychology by S.J. Heine (third edition) – Summary chapter 10
- Cultural Psychology by S.J. Heine (third edition) – Summary chapter 11
- Cultural Psychology by S.J. Heine (third edition) – Summary chapter 14
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- Talhelm et al. (2014). Large-scale psychological differences within china explained by rice versus wheat agriculture.
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Cultural Psychology by S.J. Heine (third edition) – Book summary
This bundle makes use of the book: "Cultural Psychology by S.J. Heine (third edition)" and several articles.
The following chapters of the book are used:
-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14.
Cultural Psychology – Summary full (UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM)
This bundle contains a summary for the course "Cultural Psychology" taught at the University of Amsterdam. This contains the book: "Cultural Psychology by S.J. Heine (third edition)" and several articles.
The following chapters of the book are used:
-1, 2, 3, 4
...Cultural Psychology – Interim exam 1 summary (UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM)
This bundle contains a summary for the first interim exam of the course "Cultural Psychology" taught at the University of Amsterdam. This contains the book: "Cultural Psychology by S.J. Heine (third edition)".
The following chapters of the book are used:
1, 2,
...
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