What is intelligence and how does it develop? - ExamTest 8

Questions

Question 1

Which of the following statements is true?

1. Crystallized intelligence is the ability to think on the spot to solve novel problems.
2. Fluid intelligence is the factual knowledge about the world.

1. Only statement 1 is true.
2. Only statement 2 is true.
3. Both statements are true.
4. Both statements are false.

Question 2

Which intelligence test is used for children of 6 years and older?

1. The Stanford-Binet intelligence test.
2. Revisie Amsterdamse Kinder-Intelligentie-Test (Rakit).
3. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC).
4. Raven's Progressive Matrices.

Question 3

Which of the following is true about IQ?

1. IQ scores are strong predictors of academic, economic and occupational achievements. 
2. Correlations between individual alleles of genes and IQ are very small, genetic influences on intelligence reflect small contributions from each of a very large number of genes and interactions among them.

1. Only statement 1 is true.
2. Only statement 2 is true.
3. Both statements are true.
4. Both statements are false.

Question 4

At the age of three, children learn to count. What is NOT a principle of counting?

1. One-on-one counting.
2. Cardinality.
3. Order irrelevance.
4. Perceptual counting.

Question 5

The correlation between the IQ of an adopted child and its biological parent ...

1. Decreases over time due to interaction of the genotype with the environment.
2. Increases over time due to interaction of the genotype with the environment.
3. Disappears when the child leaves the biological parent.
4. Is 100%.

Question 6

What is the Flynn Effect?

1. It states that intelligence scores have increased at the top of the scale in the last 70 years.
2. It states that intelligence scores have declined at the top of the scale in the last 70 years.
3. It states that intelligence scores have increased at the bottom of the scale in the last 70 years.
4. It states that intelligence scores have declined at the bottom of the scale in the last 70 years.

Question 7

Early reading skills help for the development of ...

1. Phonological awareness, which leads to an increase in later reading skills.
2. Grammatical awareness, which leads to an increase in later reading skills.
3. Phonological awareness, which leads to an increase in later reading and writing skills.
4. Grammatical awareness, which leads to an increase in later reading and writing skills.

Question 8

What do mnemonic strategies result?

1. The storage of information in the long-term memory is enhanced.
2. The storage of information from working memory in long-term memory is facilitated.
3. The storage of the working memory is increased.
4. The information in the long-term memory can be retrieved more easily.

Question 9

The memory of last summer's vacation is an example of ...

1. Implicit knowledge.
2. Explicit knowledge.
3. Semantic knowledge.
4. Episodic knowledge.

Question 10

Paying attention to the information in the sensory buffer creates ...

1. Consolidation of this information in the auditory memory.
2. Information from the sensory memory is transferred to the working memory.
3. Consolidation of this information in the long term memory.
4. Information is integrated into the sensory buffer.

Question 11

Kim goes to the supermarket. She has no pen and paper so she has to remember her list. She divides her groceries into the categories "vegetables", "fruits" and "dairy". What's this called?

1. Mnemonics.
2. Organization.
3. Categorizing.
4. Consolidation.

Question 12

What are the three components of Sternberg's theory of successful intelligence?

1. Analytic abilities, practical abilities, and creative abilities.
2. Linguistic intelligence, logical-mathematical intelligence, and spatial intelligence.
3. Passive effects, evocative effects, and active efforts.
4. General intelligence, intermediate-level abilities, and specific processes.

Question 13

The HOME was developed to measure the complex influences of family environment on a child's intelligence. Though this meeasure can be used to predict a child's IQ score, why are researchers not able to conclude that better home environment causes higher scores?

1. Children's IQ scores tend to fluctuate widely with age.
2. This measure does not account for the influence of parents' genes on the home environment and the child's intelligence.
3. Children's IQ scores are not normally distributed and therefore cannot be used to draw causal relationships.
4. Subsequent measures have shown that home environment has little influence on intelligence.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true regarding the relation between environmental risk and intelligence, according to the environmental risk scale?

1. Parental education level is the key factor in predicting a child's intellectual development.
2. BThe impact of additonal risks diminishes greatly after the presence of three risk factors.
3. The total number of risks is a better predictor of IQ than the presence of any single risk.
4. Though IQ score remains stable over time, the number of risk factors in a child's environment is highly variable.

Question 15

Which of the following statements best describes Carroll's three-stratum theory of intelligence?

1. Intelligence is best measured by reading, writing, and mathematical concepts.
2. Each individual can be categorized into one of three levels of intelligence.
3. Successful intelligence involves analytic, practical, and creative abilities.
4. General intelligence influences intermediate abilities, which influence specific processes.

Answers

Question 1

D. It is the other way around: Fluid intelligence is the ability to think on the spot to solve novel problems. Crystallized intelligence is factual knowledge about the world.

Question 2

C. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) is used for this age group.

Question 3

C. Both statements are true: IQ scores are strong predictors of academic, economic and occupational achievements. Correlations between individual alleles of genes and IQ are very small, genetic influences on intelligence reflect small contributions from each of a very large number of genes and interactions among them.

Question 4

D. Perceptual counting is not a principle of learning to count.

Question 5

B. Increases over time due to interaction of the genotype with the environment.

Question 6

C. It states that intelligence scores have increased at the bottom of the scale in the last 70 years.

Question 7

A. Phonological awareness, which leads to an increase in later reading skills.

Question 8

A. The storage of information in the long-term memory is enhanced.

Question 9

D. Episodic knowledge.

Question 10

B. Information from the sensory memory is transferred to the working memory.

Question 11

B. Organizing.

Question 12

A. Analytic abilities, practical abilities, and creative abilities are the three components of Sternberg's theory of successful intelligence.

Question 13

B. HOME does not account for the influence of parents' genes on the home environment and the child's intelligence.

Question 14

C. According to the environmental risk scale, the total number of risks is a better predictor of IQ than the presence of any single risk.

Question 15

D. According to Carroll's three-stratum theory of intelligence, general intelligence influences intermediate abilities, which influence specific processes.