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The centromere is a specialized constricted region on a chromosome that plays a critical role in cell division (mitosis and meiosis). It acts like a control center, coordinating the movement and separation of sister chromatids during cell division.
The centromere is essential for accurate chromosome segregation during cell division:
Imagine a chromosome as a long strand with instructions for building an organism. Before cell division, this strand replicates to create two identical copies (sister chromatids) held together at a central point, the centromere. During cell division, the centromere acts as a docking station for spindle fibers, which pull the sister chromatids apart like train cars on tracks. This ensures each daughter cell receives one complete set of genetic instructions (one copy of each chromosome).
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