Bridging the Gap between HR Practices and I/O Research - Hollenbeck, DeRue & Guzzo - Article
Although the use of teams is become more important over the past years, almost no literature is paying attention to teams and their functioning. This article is discussing the current gaps and provides more information about team composition, training and job design.
Team Composition
Generic teamwork skills predict the team success above individual’s unique technical skills and abilities. By designing a team, there are some implications for selecting the right person. First, selection procedures should not only focus on individual-level Knowledge, Skills and Abilities, but also on teamwork KSAs. Second, recruiting for teams should emphasize the importance of teamwork requirements. Finally, team staffing decision should consider differences in employee preferences for working in groups. Measurements for the team characteristics go further than only measure the average of each team member’s responses, because team scores are dependent on circumstances and therefore you could use other score measurements.
Mean score technique: when tasks are additive, each member contributes to team performance in proportion to her ability.
Maximum Score: for disjunctive tasks (problem-solving tasks), because the group can perform as well as the best member.
Minimum Score: for conjunctive tasks (mountain climbing), because the team performance is depending on the performance of the weakest member.
The mix of individual traits in team contexts is critical, and among these contexts, the appropriateness of a particular mix is dependent on personal traits, nature of a task and the desired team outcome. Diversity can positively influence the team performance, but this is dependent on the type of diversity. Demographic diversity can improve overall performance, but is ales important than other forms of diversity. The effects of diversity on other dimensions can neglect the effect of demographic diversity. Maximizing differences in individual KSAs and minimizing differences in psychological dimensions of diversity may result in effective teams.
Team Training
The relative value of team training is higher when it is executed in team context instead of individual context. The perfect training program should consist of an individual task-specific content, but also with a teamwork focus, team interaction training and a leader component. Furthermore, there should be a shared mental model, because tasks are often too complex to deal for one individual. Managers should focus on designing a trainings program, which enables the team to develop a shared mental model.
Recent research suggests that cross-functional training could have more positive effects than only task-based training. This is in composite with the thoughts that everyone should have an own task in a team, but cross-functional training generates more effective team processes (teamwork, interaction and communication. Within high workload and intense task-interdependence environments, a cross-functional team is necessary, but within other situations it a more task-based team can be appropriated.
Team Task Design
Team task design can be described as the structures and roles within a team context, which determine the allocation of tasks, responsibilities and authority. An essential element of teams is task interdependence, because without interdependence, a team should behave more like a group. But high interdependence is not the only critical element; the type of task and the level of internal and external fit are also critical elements of team task design. The type of work can change the required level of interdependence, because in behavioral tasks (production), a moderate level of interdependence is required, but in conceptual tasks (negotiating) the required interdependence has the shape of a U: very high or very low level of interdependence results in higher team performance. Organizations can use team structures to achieve a higher team performance by external fit (structure and task environment), but not by internal fit (structure and individual traits).
Judging a member’s input in the team performance can be difficult, but there are some factors that can help to measure accurately: the presence of feedback, leader experiences and the provision of information. A management perspective states that the development of feedback mechanisms that provide leaders with information on the quality of team members’ past judgments enhances overall team decision-making accuracy. But from a training perspective, managers should focus on how to use and distribute the decision influences in the best way.
Individual-based rewards can be useful in some contexts of team-based structures. Teams with high extroversion and agreeableness perform better when rewarded as a cooperative system and teams low on extroversion and agreeableness perform better when rewarded as a competitive system.
Join with a free account for more service, or become a member for full access to exclusives and extra support of WorldSupporter >>
Contributions: posts
Spotlight: topics
Online access to all summaries, study notes en practice exams
- Check out: Register with JoHo WorldSupporter: starting page (EN)
- Check out: Aanmelden bij JoHo WorldSupporter - startpagina (NL)
How and why use WorldSupporter.org for your summaries and study assistance?
- For free use of many of the summaries and study aids provided or collected by your fellow students.
- For free use of many of the lecture and study group notes, exam questions and practice questions.
- For use of all exclusive summaries and study assistance for those who are member with JoHo WorldSupporter with online access
- For compiling your own materials and contributions with relevant study help
- For sharing and finding relevant and interesting summaries, documents, notes, blogs, tips, videos, discussions, activities, recipes, side jobs and more.
Using and finding summaries, notes and practice exams on JoHo WorldSupporter
There are several ways to navigate the large amount of summaries, study notes en practice exams on JoHo WorldSupporter.
- Use the summaries home pages for your study or field of study
- Use the check and search pages for summaries and study aids by field of study, subject or faculty
- Use and follow your (study) organization
- by using your own student organization as a starting point, and continuing to follow it, easily discover which study materials are relevant to you
- this option is only available through partner organizations
- Check or follow authors or other WorldSupporters
- Use the menu above each page to go to the main theme pages for summaries
- Theme pages can be found for international studies as well as Dutch studies
Do you want to share your summaries with JoHo WorldSupporter and its visitors?
- Check out: Why and how to add a WorldSupporter contributions
- JoHo members: JoHo WorldSupporter members can share content directly and have access to all content: Join JoHo and become a JoHo member
- Non-members: When you are not a member you do not have full access, but if you want to share your own content with others you can fill out the contact form
Quicklinks to fields of study for summaries and study assistance
Main summaries home pages:
- Business organization and economics - Communication and marketing -International relations and international organizations - IT, logistics and technology - Law and administration - Leisure, sports and tourism - Medicine and healthcare - Pedagogy and educational science - Psychology and behavioral sciences - Society, culture and arts - Statistics and research
- Summaries: the best textbooks summarized per field of study
- Summaries: the best scientific articles summarized per field of study
- Summaries: the best definitions, descriptions and lists of terms per field of study
- Exams: home page for exams, exam tips and study tips
Main study fields:
Business organization and economics, Communication & Marketing, Education & Pedagogic Sciences, International Relations and Politics, IT and Technology, Law & Administration, Medicine & Health Care, Nature & Environmental Sciences, Psychology and behavioral sciences, Science and academic Research, Society & Culture, Tourisme & Sports
Main study fields NL:
- Studies: Bedrijfskunde en economie, communicatie en marketing, geneeskunde en gezondheidszorg, internationale studies en betrekkingen, IT, Logistiek en technologie, maatschappij, cultuur en sociale studies, pedagogiek en onderwijskunde, rechten en bestuurskunde, statistiek, onderzoeksmethoden en SPSS
- Studie instellingen: Maatschappij: ISW in Utrecht - Pedagogiek: Groningen, Leiden , Utrecht - Psychologie: Amsterdam, Leiden, Nijmegen, Twente, Utrecht - Recht: Arresten en jurisprudentie, Groningen, Leiden
JoHo can really use your help! Check out the various student jobs here that match your studies, improve your competencies, strengthen your CV and contribute to a more tolerant world
1199 | 1 |
Add new contribution