Hoe berekent SPSS de standaarddeviatie? (9)

De standaarddeviatie of standaardafwijking is gelijk aan de wortel van de variantie en dus eigenlijk een maat voor min of meer hetzelfde. De variantie heeft de meer aantrekkelijke wiskundige eigenschappen, bijvoorbeeld dat de variantie van de som van onafhankelijke variabelen gelijk is aan de som van de varianties van de afzonderlijke variabelen. De standaarddeviatie is beter interpreteerbaar. Aangezien de variantie gebaseerd is op gekwadrateerde getallen, is hij niet van dezelfde ordegrootte als de observaties. Door er de wortel uit te trekken, dus de standaarddeviatie te nemen, wordt hij weer teruggebracht tot de ordegrootte van de observaties. Symbolen voor de standaarddeviatie zijn S (of s), en SD (of sd); de populatiestandaarddeviatie duiden we aan met de Griekse letter s (sigma).

In SPSS kan de standaarddeviatie worden berekend door middel van Frequencies. Je volgt dan de volgende stappen:

  1. Ga naar Analyze en vervolgens naar Descriptive statistics. Ga dan naar Frequencies.

  2. Vervolgens klik je op Statistics en vink je links onderaan bij ‘Dispersion de volgende optie aan: Std. Deviation.

  3. Klik daarna op Continue en op OK (of op Paste als je de analyse wil opslaan in de Syntax Editor).

De syntax wordt gegenereerd met de volgende commando’s:

FREQUENCIES VARIABLES=leeftijd

/STATISTICS=STDDEV

/ORDER=ANALYSIS.

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