Miyamoto, Nisbett, & Masuda (2006). Culture and the physical environment.

People of Western culture tend to engage in context-independent cognitive processes and people of East Asian cultures tend to engage in context-dependent cognitive processes. The cultural differences in attentional pattern might be afforded by cultural differences in the physical environment.

Japanese scenes (i.e. cities) are judged to be more ambiguous and complex than American scenes. Cultural differences in the perceptual environment are larger in the smaller, more rural areas than in the megalopolises.

Cultural differences in the perceptual environment can lead to different patterns of attention. People primed with Japanese scenes attended more to contextual information than people primed with American scenes.

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