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De erfrechtelijke gevolgen van de vaststelling van het vaderschap - Reinhartz - Artikel
In de hieronder besproken zaak (HR 11 juni 2004, LJN AP1318) ging het om een kind dat geboren was in 1964 en buiten huwelijk door een notaris was verwekt. In 1992 overleed de notaris en zijn neef leek erfgenaam te zijn.
Wat zijn de feiten van de casus?
Van belang in deze zaak was dat de notaris zes jaren voor invoering van de wet die de gerechtelijke vaststelling van het vaderschap regelt, was overleden. De eerste procedure voor de Hoge Raad was hierdoor gestrand. Immers alleen op het biologisch vaderschap kan geen erfgenaamschap worden gegrond. In 2004 kwam er een nieuwe procedure. Normaal gesproken geldt het gezag van gewijsde maar in dit geval mocht er toch een nieuwe procedure worden gevoerd omdat er nieuwe feiten waren: namelijk de invoering van de gerechtelijke vaststelling van het vaderschap en de vaststelling dat de notaris inderdaad de vader was van de zoon in kwestie door DNA onderzoek.
Hoe oordeelt de Hoge Raad over de zaak in het licht van het nieuwe afstammingsrecht?
De Hoge Raad concludeerde in deze zaak dat ook de gerechtelijke vaststelling kan worden toegepast in gevallen waarin de erflater was overleden voordat de regeling in werking trad op 1 april 1998. De Hoge Raad leidde dit af uit het feit dat de regeling onmiddellijke werking heeft. Door deze procedure is duidelijk geworden dat de positie van de 'nagekomen kinderen' dezelfde is als die van een gewone erfgenaam. In deze casus betekende dit dat de zoon de enige erfgenaam was omdat hij als zoon de versterferfgenamen in de lagere groepen heeft verdrongen. Hierdoor heeft hij het recht op heriditatis petitio, de afgifte van de goederen der nalatenschap aan hem als erfgenaam. Echter, hoe de situatie is als de nalatenschap al eerder was verdeeld overeenkomstig artikel 3:186 BW, blijft nog de vraag.
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