Hoorcollege 1 Psychopathologie 2023 Universiteit Utrecht
Hoorcollege 1- introductie psychopathologie
DSM geschiedenis:
- 1880: 7 diagnoses: manie, melancholie, monomanie, paresis, dementie, dipsomanie, en epilepsie
- 1911 DSM 1: 106 diagnoses
- DSM 2: 182 diagnoses
- DSM 3: 265 diagnoses
- DSM 4: 374 diagnoses 2013
- DSM 5: 491 diagnoses
stromingen binnen psychologie:
- psychodynamische stroming
- behaviorism
- humanistische stroming
- cognitieve stroming
- biologische stroming
taken therapeuten
- orde te scheppen in symptomen
- te begrijpen waarom (luxerende en instandhoudende factoren)
- te bepalen waar de nood zit en wat beste aangrijpingspunt is
DSM classificaties: labels om symptomen te ordenen
- persoonskenmerk → symptoom=uitingsvorm → label
- vb controlegedrag→ dwangmatig controleren, behoefte aan orde etc → bvb label: OCS.
- Een bepaald persoonskenmerk hoeft niet altijd negatief te zijn, zo kan bijvoorbeeld controlegedrag ook leiden tot beter presteren
DSM limitaties
- comorbiditeit
- afbakening onduidelijk omdat er veel overlap is
- versnippering
- puur gericht op symptomen en niet op onderliggende aetiologie
DSM classificatie werkt het best als:
- iedere classificatie uniek is
- iedere classificatie stabiel is
- ze alles weten te verklaren
Alternatieven voor DSM
- Research domain criteria (RDOC): symptoomclusters linken aan neurobiologie.
- Hierarchical Taxonomy of psychopathology (HITOP): psychopathologie spectra
- Netwerktheorie: focus op de samenhang van symptomen onderling en dus niet op een achterliggende construct, zoals diagnose, ziekte, latente factor
RDOC limitaties:
- Neurobiologische constructen zijn weinig specifiek
- Neurobiologische constructen verklaren maar klein deel
- Dimensies te vaag en complex
- Wel goede bouwblokken voor onderzoek naar onderliggende neurobiologie
HITOP limitaties:
- Combinaties van uitersten op een spectrum niet mogelijk
- Verschil symptomen en maladaptieve traits onduidelijk
- Wel goed overzicht van samenhang tussen stoornissen
Netwerkmodel limitaties:
- Het gaat puur om correlaties tussen symptomen die gecorrigeerd zijn voor andere onderlinge correlaties
- geen causaliteit!
- wel inzichtgevend: samenhang, overlap, individuele aangrijpingspunten
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aantekeningen hoorcolleges Psychopathologie jaar 2023 Universiteit Utrecht
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aantekeningen hoorcolleges Psychopathologie jaar 2023 Universiteit Utrecht
aantekeningen voor de hoorcolleges van psychopathologie
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