Lecture 10: Groups and Identity (NSBED, UU)

Social categorization is visible in task performance.

There is a racial bias.

The brain has an automatic conflict-detection system, located in the ACC. It signals us when we are in conflict situations that require attention. You see the effect of an error:

 

 

 

 

The stronger the error detection, the less behavioral bias in shooter task.

People who are intrinsic motivated to respond without prejudice show stronger error detection. Extrinsic motivation doesn’t improve performance!

Within 200ms, the brain categorizes others around us in terms of race, gender, sexual orientation. This triggers implicit associations with ingroup (positive) and outgroup (negative), leading to bias in behavior.

It is possible to control these automatic biases by monitoring performance, detecting conflict between goals and failure to achieve these goals. However, for this you either need to be intrinsically motivated or reminded of your moral values.

The empathy gap – the empathy we feel for people like us is much larger than for people unlike us.

Mu suppression – indicates motor cortex activity. It can happen when you see other people move. Happens more when you see people of the ingroup than people of the outgroup.

Stronger activation in the anterior insula in pain of own race.

  • Empathy is based on neural simulation of actions (motor cortex) and emotions (anterior insula)
  • We are less likely to simulate the behaviors and emotions of outgroup members

Stereotype threat – when people are reminded of stereotypes about their group. This creates threat. This threat is cognitively distracting.

Biopsychosocial model of threat and challenge – two motivational states:

  1. Threat: cognitive appraisal of situation where demands exceed resources.
  2. Challenge: cognitive appraisal of situation where resources meet or exceed demands.

It uses the responses of the autonomous nervous system to determine threat and challenge.

 

 

 

​​​​​​​

  • Priming people with negative stereotypes about their group can damage their performance
  • Threat of negative stereotypes activates brain areas associated with emotion regulation and social concerns.

Social pain triggers a neural alarm system that consists of the dorsal ACC and rvPFC.

Repeated exposure to social pain increases sensitivity of neural alarm system: more vigilance for social pain and the pain becomes more intense. This also has negative health outcomes.

Questions? Let me know in the contribution section!

Follow me for more summaries / lecture notes!

Image

Access: 
Public

Image

Image

 

 

Contributions: posts

Help other WorldSupporters with additions, improvements and tips

Add new contribution

CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Image CAPTCHA
Enter the characters shown in the image.

Image

Spotlight: topics

Check the related and most recent topics and summaries:
Activity abroad, study field of working area:

Image

Check how to use summaries on WorldSupporter.org

Online access to all summaries, study notes en practice exams

How and why use WorldSupporter.org for your summaries and study assistance?

  • For free use of many of the summaries and study aids provided or collected by your fellow students.
  • For free use of many of the lecture and study group notes, exam questions and practice questions.
  • For use of all exclusive summaries and study assistance for those who are member with JoHo WorldSupporter with online access
  • For compiling your own materials and contributions with relevant study help
  • For sharing and finding relevant and interesting summaries, documents, notes, blogs, tips, videos, discussions, activities, recipes, side jobs and more.

Using and finding summaries, notes and practice exams on JoHo WorldSupporter

There are several ways to navigate the large amount of summaries, study notes en practice exams on JoHo WorldSupporter.

  1. Use the summaries home pages for your study or field of study
  2. Use the check and search pages for summaries and study aids by field of study, subject or faculty
  3. Use and follow your (study) organization
    • by using your own student organization as a starting point, and continuing to follow it, easily discover which study materials are relevant to you
    • this option is only available through partner organizations
  4. Check or follow authors or other WorldSupporters
  5. Use the menu above each page to go to the main theme pages for summaries
    • Theme pages can be found for international studies as well as Dutch studies

Do you want to share your summaries with JoHo WorldSupporter and its visitors?

Quicklinks to fields of study for summaries and study assistance

Main summaries home pages:

Main study fields:

Main study fields NL:

Follow the author: JuliaV
Work for WorldSupporter

Image

JoHo can really use your help!  Check out the various student jobs here that match your studies, improve your competencies, strengthen your CV and contribute to a more tolerant world

Working for JoHo as a student in Leyden

Parttime werken voor JoHo

Statistics
1687