There is lateralization of sensory processing and motor output. The contralateral control of movement for the motor cortex is not absolute. Proximal muscle control is largely bilateral and distal muscle control is largely contralateral. The lateralization of language can be tested by using the WADA-test (temporarily anaesthetize left hemisphere). Lateralization of language can be left, right or bilateral.

The final common pathway of all motor output is the ventral horn in the spinal cord. The dorsolateral part of the ventral horn is involved in distal muscles and fine movements. The ventromedial part of the ventral horn is involved in proximal muscles and posture. Muscles make use of alpha neurons. It involves alpha neurons.

Emotions consist of a physiological response to the stimulus (1), a behavioural response (2) and a feeling (3). The function of emotions is activating the fight/flight response (1), making quick decisions based on emotional value (2) and anticipating the consequences of a decision (3)

Basic emotions (anger, sadness,

Sleepwalking involves typically automated behaviour and occurs most often in young children. It occurs more frequently after sleep deprivation and the prevalence is 1%-5%. It typically occurs during the deepest stages of sleep and the frontal cortex is deactivated during sleepwalking.

In normal sleep, there are successive sleep stages. Cycles last ±90 minutes. Deep sleep