The general aggression model states that violent video games produce aggressive thoughts, feelings and increased arousal. It suggests that exposure to video game violence influences behaviour and personality over time by increasing the accessibility of violent scripts or mental representations for how to act in a situation, and increasingly insensitivity to violence. This model assumes a causal role

Medium refers to anything that is used by humans to communicate some kind of message.

McQuail states that there are four elements that determine the emergence of a mass medium:

1. Purpose or need for communication.
2. Technology for public communication.
3. Social organization for production and distribution.
4. Governance in the public interest.

Crime is often portrayed in mass media because of the steady supply of events (1), the ease of gathering information (2) and the inherent interest among readers and viewers (3). Mass media does not accurately reflect crime in a country or in a region because some crimes are more likely to be reported on than other crimes.

Persuasion refers to a process whereby a message sender intends to influence an message receiver’s evaluative judgements regarding a particular object.

Cognitive Response Models of Persuasion assume that the thoughts people have during message exposure drive their subsequent attitudes. Message recipients are active participants whose cognitive reactions mediate the influence of a persuasive attempt.

The programmes on television have an enduring effect on the viewer. How it influences a person depends on the type of judgement required (1), television viewing frequency (2) and characteristics of the viewing experience (3). Television has the potential to influence normative perceptions (1) and attitudes, values and beliefs (2).

The cultivation theory states that the

The use of internet is common for terrorism. The instant connections over internet increase the opportunity for exposure to aggression for all participants. Internet also allows for the possibility of deeper, more narrow penetration both into content areas and into the private psychological spaces of users.

Terrorists use the internet to target specific segments of the population

Connected presence refers to people always being online and connected to others. Online communication offers tools to generate relatedness when physical presence is not possible. Partner phubbing refers to the extent to which an individual uses or is distracted by one’s cell phone while in the company of the relationship partner. This could undermine relationship satisfaction, commitment, intimacy

Personality refers to those characteristics of the person that account for one’s consistent pattern of behaviour. Online anonymity refers to the perception of the user that one can surf the net without disclosing information that might lead other surfers to identify oneself.

Anonymous computer-mediated-communication provides a higher level of control over disclosures as it hides social

Social networking sites that allows users to craft self-representations that reveal core aspects of their self-concept (1) and highlights social connections with friends and family (2) satisfy human ego needs regarding desired self-images. These ego needs motivate social networking site use.

The self-affirmation theory states that people have a fundamental need to see themselves as valuable,

Big data refers to data sets large enough to require supercomputers. It is less about data that is big than it is about a capacity to search, aggregate and cross-reference large data sets.

Big data rests on the interplay of:

• Technology
  Maximizing computation power and algorithmic accuracy to gather, analyse, link and compare

Different kinds of internet use may have different consequences for the way cognitive processes unfold. Experience (1) and agency (2) are two key dimensions of mind perception.

The internet is perceived as a hive mind, a vast compendium of continuously updated information. This device is used for finding and learning various kinds of information. Computers are

Internet addiction refers to a person experiencing addiction-like patterns of using online applications. There are five subtypes of internet addiction:

1. Internet gaming disorder
2. Internet pornography addiction
3. Internet social networking sites addiction
4. Internet shopping sites addiction
5. Internet gambling addiction

The general internet addiction consists of subdimensions; interpersonal problems (1) and time

The boundary theory explores the way people manage the boundaries for work life and home life. These boundaries tend to be very permeable at the moment, due to permanent internet access. The mobile phone enables constant connectedness to one’s work role (e.g. e-mail, texting). The smartphone blurs boundaries between work time and non-work time. This can have negative