This bundle contains a summary for the book "Research Methods in statistics by B. Morling (third edition)". It contains the following chapters:
- 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14.
It is important to both produce and consume research. A research consumer is important, because to effectively know something or to put a theory or treatment in to use, it is imperative that the research consumer knows the evidence behind the evidence-based treatment. It is important to be able to decide how valuable and useful a research really
........Read moreEXPERIENCE
Experience is not a reliable source of information, because it has no comparison group. A comparison group in research is a group which isn’t affected by the controlled independent variable, so it is possible to really determine whether the independent variable has the effect people think it has.
E.g: Doctors used to take blood from
........Read moreThere are two historical examples of studies that violated several ethical criteria.
Construct validity refers to how well a study’s variables are measured or manipulated. There are three common types of measurement: self-report, observational and physiological. The conceptual definition, or construct, is the researcher’s definition of the variable in question on a theoretical level. The operational definition represents a researcher’s specific decision about how to measure of manipulate the conceptual
........Read moreINTRODUCING BIVARIATE CORRELATIONS
A bivariate correlation or bivariate association, is an association that involves exactly two variables. The nature of the association can be described with scatterplots and the correlation coefficient. Associations between categorical variables are usually presented in a bar graph.
INTERROGATING ASSOCIATION CLAIMS
The two most important validities to interrogate are construct validity
Experiments are the only way to investigate causal issues.
EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLES
An experiment means that the researchers manipulated at least one variable and measures another. A manipulated variable is a variable that is controlled. Measured variables take the forms of records of behaviour or attitudes. The manipulated variable is the independent variable. The conditions are the
THREATS TO INTERNAL VALIDITY:
There are 12 threats to internal validity. Most of these threats can be prevented with a good experiment design and only occur in the so-called ‘really bad experiment’, also known as the one-group, pre-test/post-test design. The following twelve threats to internal validity exists:
EXPERIMENTS WITH TWO INDEPENDENT VARIABLES CAN SHOW INTERACTIONS
Experiments with more than one independent variable allows researchers to look for an interaction effect. This is an effect where the effect of the original independent variable depends on the level of another independent variable. If the two lines of the independent variables cross, there is a crossover interaction,
QUASI-EXPERIMENTS
A quasi-experiment differs from a true experiment in that the researchers do not have full experimental control. In quasi-experiments, researchers might not be able to randomly assign participants to one level or the other. They are assigned by other things (e.g: teachers, political regulations or nature).
A non-equivalent control group design is a quasi-experiment in
........Read moreTO BE IMPORTANT, A STUDY MUST BE REPLICATED
Replication gives a study credibility, and it is a crucial part of the scientific process. There are several types of replication:
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