Cognitive Neuroscience - Lectures (Utrecht University)
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There are two types of movement:
The motor system has a hierarchical organization:
Motor sensor loop:
For rapid targeted movement, there is a primary fast ballistic movement, and then an error-correction movement.
Activating muscles through acetylcholine release. Then the muscle contracts.
Motor neurons are controlled by the central nervous system through the spinal cord. They are relatively large and are arranged in antagonistic (opposite) pairs.
Reflex arc: simple and short circuit for fast response. A reflex happens in the spinal cord and spinal neurons can generate an entire sequence of movements without feedback or input.
What happens when the sensory nerves are destroyed, but motor nerves are spared? No error-correction --> errors accumulate during sequences of automatic actions.
Summary peripheral motor system:
Central nervous system: there are different tracts responsible for different motoric functions:
Primary motor cortex:
Pre-motor cortex:
Posterior Parietal Cortex
Supplementary Motor Area (SMA)
Internally vs externally generated actions:
Basal Ganglia
Cerebellum
Perception & action are highly intertwined processes. Automatic imitation is an example of strong P&A coupling. A disadvantage of automation is that bad behavior is also imitated.
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In this bundle you can find the lecture notes from the course 'Cognitive Neuroscience' at Utrecht University. Good luck studying!
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