Join with a free account for more service, or become a member for full access to exclusives and extra support of WorldSupporter >>
- What is emotion socialization?
- What is the social information processing model?
- How can hearing status influence emotion understanding in social situations?
- Why do Tsou et. al. (2021) also use eye-tracking to study emotion understanding in DHH children?
- How did DHH children differ from typically hearing children when trying to understand nonverbal emotional cues in dynamic social situations?
- What do the authors think may be the reason that DHH children spent less time looking at the head regions?
What is emotion socialization?
Emotion socialization refers to the idea that children learn to understand, express and self-regulate emotions in social contexts. This process already starts in the first days of life. Experiencing a lower quantity and quality of social interaction with meaningful others during early childhood can negatively affect children's emotion socialization. For children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH), a vicious cycle can be created in which poor emotion socialization leads to less social participation, which hinders even more their emotion socialization.
What is the social information processing model?
This model proposes that, when people enter a social situation, they rely on past experiences and process social information in six steps:
People encode emotional information by focusing their attention on relevant cues.
People interpret emotional information according to the cues that are encoded.
People formulate goals that they want to achieve in the situation.
People generate response alternatives to the situation.
People evaluate the alternatives to make a decision.
People enact the most favorable response.
How can hearing status influence emotion understanding in social situations?
The skill of emotion understanding cannot develop without access to the social context in which emotions occur. In a social environment that features spoken communication, children that are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) don´t access the social environment in the same way as the typically hearing children. Especially the encoding stage functions as a filter through which people collect the most relevant emotional cues for subsequent processing. Not being able to hear the sound or tone of the social environment may lead to incorrect interpretations of people's intentions and feelings. It is possible that DHH children experience difficulties with emotion understanding as a result of a different encoding pattern.
Why do Tsou et. al. (2021) also use eye-tracking to study emotion understanding in DHH children?
The head region of others is an important cue to which people most often direct their attention when processing social situations. Even when facial expressions can´t be seen clearly, the head region is important because its angle, orientation, and movement provide information about the emotions and attention of other people. As a strategy to compensate for limited auditory input, DHH children may collect visual cues in a different way from typically hearing children. By using eye-tracking the researchers are able to see if perhaps the DHH children give more weight to body cues than to the head itself, or if they distribute their attention equally to the eye and mouth regions (whereas typically hearing individuals look mostly to the eyes).
How did DHH children differ from typically hearing children when trying to understand nonverbal emotional cues in dynamic social situations?
In the dynamic social situations, an interaction partner elicited an emotion in a target person. The DHH children spent less time looking at the target person's head and more time looking at the target person's body and at the partner´s head. The DHH children scored lower than the typically hearing children when interpreting emotions, and these lower scores were associated with their distinctive encoding pattern of spending less time looking at the target person's head and more time looking at the target person's body. With increased age, children attended to the relevant emotional cues longer and interpreted situations with the emotion intended more often.
What do the authors think may be the reason that DHH children spent less time looking at the head regions?
The DHH children may have found the head region less informative when facial cues were missing and so they reduced their attention to the head region and increased their attention to other cues that could give more information about the situation. Other visually observable cues may be able to compensate for ambiguous information. For example, a movement backwards could indicate fear, or moving forward could indicate anger.
Summaries per article with Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology at Leiden University 21/22
Summaries per article with Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology at Leiden University 21/22
- 1 of 2142
- volgende ›
JoHo can really use your help! Check out the various student jobs here that match your studies, improve your competencies, strengthen your CV and contribute to a more tolerant world
Online access to all summaries, study notes en practice exams
- Check out: Register with JoHo WorldSupporter: starting page (EN)
- Check out: Aanmelden bij JoHo WorldSupporter - startpagina (NL)
How and why would you use WorldSupporter.org for your summaries and study assistance?
- For free use of many of the summaries and study aids provided or collected by your fellow students.
- For free use of many of the lecture and study group notes, exam questions and practice questions.
- For use of all exclusive summaries and study assistance for those who are member with JoHo WorldSupporter with online access
- For compiling your own materials and contributions with relevant study help
- For sharing and finding relevant and interesting summaries, documents, notes, blogs, tips, videos, discussions, activities, recipes, side jobs and more.
Using and finding summaries, study notes en practice exams on JoHo WorldSupporter
There are several ways to navigate the large amount of summaries, study notes en practice exams on JoHo WorldSupporter.
- Use the menu above every page to go to one of the main starting pages
- Starting pages: for some fields of study and some university curricula editors have created (start) magazines where customised selections of summaries are put together to smoothen navigation. When you have found a magazine of your likings, add that page to your favorites so you can easily go to that starting point directly from your profile during future visits. Below you will find some start magazines per field of study
- Use the topics and taxonomy terms
- The topics and taxonomy of the study and working fields gives you insight in the amount of summaries that are tagged by authors on specific subjects. This type of navigation can help find summaries that you could have missed when just using the search tools. Tags are organised per field of study and per study institution. Note: not all content is tagged thoroughly, so when this approach doesn't give the results you were looking for, please check the search tool as back up
- Check or follow your (study) organizations:
- by checking or using your study organizations you are likely to discover all relevant study materials.
- this option is only available trough partner organizations
- Check or follow authors or other WorldSupporters
- by following individual users, authors you are likely to discover more relevant study materials.
- Use the Search tools
- 'Quick & Easy'- not very elegant but the fastest way to find a specific summary of a book or study assistance with a specific course or subject.
- The search tool is also available at the bottom of most pages
Do you want to share your summaries with JoHo WorldSupporter and its visitors?
- Check out: Why and how to add a WorldSupporter contributions
- JoHo members: JoHo WorldSupporter members can share content directly and have access to all content: Join JoHo and become a JoHo member
- Non-members: When you are not a member you do not have full access, but if you want to share your own content with others you can fill out the contact form
Quicklinks to fields of study for summaries and study assistance
Field of study
- All studies for summaries, study assistance and working fields
- Communication & Media sciences
- Corporate & Organizational Sciences
- Cultural Studies & Humanities
- Economy & Economical sciences
- Education & Pedagogic Sciences
- Health & Medical Sciences
- IT & Exact sciences
- Law & Justice
- Nature & Environmental Sciences
- Psychology & Behavioral Sciences
- Public Administration & Social Sciences
- Science & Research
- Technical Sciences
Add new contribution