Organizational Behaviour, emerging knowledge and practice for the real world, by S. McShane, M. Von Glinow (fifth edition) – Book summary
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The MARS model consists of motivation, ability, role perception and situational factors:
There are five categories of individual behaviour:
Personality is the relatively enduring pattern of thoughts, emotions, and behaviours that characterize a person, along with the psychological processes behind those characteristics. Traits are broad concepts that allow us to label and understand individual differences. Personality is not consistent across all situations, because some situations override the personality (e.g: a funeral). Personality typically stabilizes by around age 30, although it can still change. The five-factor model (Big Five) represents the five most broad dimensions of personality:
People who score high on conscientiousness and extraversion are better at proficient task performance. People who score high on emotional stability, extraversion and openness to experience are better at adaptive task performance. People who score high on extraversion and openness to experience are better at proactive task performance.
Values are stable, evaluative beliefs that guide our preferences for outcomes or courses of action in a variety of situations. Personal values are values that exist within an individual and shared values are values that exist within an organization. Values tell us what we ought to do and personality tells us what we tend to do. There are several clusters of values:
Personal values motivate behaviour to some extent, but several factors weaken that relationship. The situation is important in following the values for behaviour. People are more likely to apply their values when they are explicitly reminded of those values and see their relevance to the situation. Values congruence refers to how similar a person’s values hierarchy is to the values hierarchy of another entity, such as an organization. Some degree of value congruency is useful in organizations.
Ethics refers to the study of moral principles or values that determine whether actions are right or wrong and outcomes are good or bad. There are three ethical principles:
There are three factors that influence ethical conduct in the workplace:
There are five values that have cross-cultural significance:
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