Test Theory and Practice – Exam [UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM]

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A conceptual introduction to psychometrics, development, analysis, and application of psychological and educational tests, by G. J. Mellenberg (first edition) – Summary chapter 1

A psychological or educational test is an instrument for the measurement of a person’s maximum or typical performance under standardized conditions, where performance is assumed to reflect one or more latent attributes. Tests are used for diagnosis and psychological and educational decision-making. The dimensionality of a test or subtest is equal to the number of latent attributes which

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A conceptual introduction to psychometrics, development, analysis, and application of psychological and educational tests, by G. J. Mellenberg (first edition) – Summary chapter 2

Test development consists of several steps:

The construct of interest
The latent variable (construct) that the test is supposed to measure has to be specified. Latent variables can vary in scope (1), content (2) and between educational and psychological variables (3).
The measurement mode
The test has to specify how the latent

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A conceptual introduction to psychometrics, development, analysis, and application of psychological and educational tests, by G. J. Mellenberg (first edition) – Summary chapter 3

Typical performance tests assess behaviour that is typical for the person. There are three main types of typical performance tests: personality tests (1), interest inventories (2) and attitude questionnaires (3). The steps for test development of typical performance tests are the same as the steps for test development in general.

There are three classes of strategies

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A conceptual introduction to psychometrics, development, analysis, and application of psychological and educational tests, by G. J. Mellenberg (first edition) – Summary chapter 4

Giving scores to different responses (e.g. agree = 3) is called scoring by fiat and has no theoretical justification. The observed test score is derived from the item scores by taking the unweighted or the weighted sum of the item scores. The construct score is derived from the item responses under the assumption of a latent variable response

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A conceptual introduction to psychometrics, development, analysis, and application of psychological and educational tests, by G. J. Mellenberg (first edition) – Summary chapter 5

Measurement precision consists of information (1) and reliability (2). Information applies to the test score of a single person. It is the within-person aspect of measurement precision. Reliability applies to a population of persons. It is the between-person aspect of measurement precision. The true score is the score with a perfect measurement instrument. Measurement error is the distortion

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A conceptual introduction to psychometrics, development, analysis, and application of psychological and educational tests, by G. J. Mellenberg (first edition) – Summary chapter 6

An item score distribution can be described by location (1), dispersion (2) and shape (3). Item difficulty is a parameter in maximum performance tests. More test takers fail on more difficult items. Item attractiveness is a parameter in typical performance tests. More test takers choose attractive items. The item difficulty / item attractiveness is equal to the item

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