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Summaries, study notes, tips and tools for international relations and studies

What is international relations?

What is international relations?

International Relations is the study of interactions that transcend national borders. This includes relations between nation-states, but also encompasses interactions with international organizations (like the UN), NGOs, and even multinational corporations.

What are the main features of international relations?

  • Interdisciplinary: IR draws from political science, economics, history, law, and other disciplines to understand complex global issues.
  • Global Focus: It looks at the world as a whole, analyzing how different actors interact and influence each other.
  • Focus on Power: A core theme is understanding the distribution and use of power between different actors in the international system.

What are important sub-areas in international relations?

  • International Security: Examines war, peace, terrorism, and arms control.
  • International Political Economy: Analyzes the global economy, trade, and development.
  • Foreign Policy Analysis: Studies how countries make decisions about their interactions with other states.
  • Global Governance: Investigates how international institutions and agreements shape the world.

What are key concepts in international relations?

  • Nationalism: The belief that a nation-state is the primary unit of political organization.
  • Globalization: The increasing interconnectedness of the world.
  • Sovereignty: The right of a state to govern itself without external interference.
  • Balance of Power: The idea that states try to maintain a power equilibrium in the international system.

Who are influential figures in international relations?

  • Niccolò Machiavelli: Pioneered the study of power politics.
  • Hans Morgenthau: A realist theorist who emphasized the importance of national interest.
  • John Locke: Influenced liberal thought in IR, focusing on human rights and cooperation.
  • Max Weber: Helped define the concept of the state.

Why is international relations important?

Understanding IR is crucial for navigating the complex world we live in. It helps us:

  • Make sense of global events: From trade wars to pandemics, IR provides frameworks for analysis.
  • Promote cooperation: IR helps identify areas where countries can work together for common good.
  • Address global challenges: Climate change, poverty, and terrorism all require international solutions informed by IR principles.

How is international relations applied in practice?

  • Diplomacy: Diplomats use IR knowledge to negotiate with other countries.
  • Foreign Policy Making: Governments rely on IR theory to formulate foreign policy.
  • International Organizations: IR scholars work in organizations like the UN to address global issues.
  • Journalism: Journalists use IR frameworks to analyze international events.
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What is politics?

What is politics?

Politics is the academic discipline that dissects the who, what, when, where, and why of power. It delves into how power is acquired, exercised, and contested within societies.

What are the main features of politics?

  • Power Analysis: The central theme is understanding power dynamics – who has it, how they use it, and the impact on individuals and societies.
  • Focus on Governance: It examines how societies make decisions, create laws, and manage resources through institutions and processes.
  • Diversity of Approaches: Politics draws from various perspectives, including historical, philosophical, sociological, and economic viewpoints.

What are important sub-areas in politics?

  • Political Theory: Explores the philosophical underpinnings of politics, like justice, liberty, and democracy.
  • Comparative Politics: Compares different political systems, like democracies, monarchies, and authoritarian regimes.
  • American Politics: Focuses on the specific institutions, actors, and processes of US government.
  • Public Policy: Analyzes how governments create and implement policies to address societal issues.

Wat are key concepts in politics?

  • Power: The ability to influence others' behavior.
  • State: The legitimate holder of authority within a territory.
  • Government: The institutions and processes that wield state power.
  • Ideology: A set of beliefs about how society should be organized. (e.g., liberalism, socialism, conservatism)
  • Political Participation: The ways citizens engage in the political process (e.g., voting, protesting, campaigning).

Who are influential figures in politics?

  • Plato: Debated the ideal form of government in his Republic.
  • Aristotle: Analyzed different political systems and the importance of citizen participation.
  • Niccolò Machiavelli: Provided a realist perspective on power politics in The Prince.
  • John Locke: Championed individual rights and social contract theory.
  • Karl Marx: Offered a critique of capitalism and envisioned a communist society.

Why is politics important?

Politics is fundamental to understanding the world around us. It helps us:

  • Become Informed Citizens: Understand your rights, responsibilities, and role in shaping society.
  • Critically Analyze Political Events: Decipher political rhetoric and make informed decisions about who to support.
  • Promote Positive Change: Engage in the political process to advocate for your values and improve society.

How is politics applied in practice?

  • Campaigning: Political consultants and strategists use their knowledge of politics to help candidates win elections.
  • Policymaking: Policy analysts use political knowledge to design and advocate for effective policies.
  • Journalism: Political reporters analyze and explain political events for the public.
  • Activism: Understanding politics empowers individuals and groups to advocate for change in their communities.
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Spotlight

International relations and politics: The best concepts summarized

International relations and politics: The best concepts summarized

International relations and politics: The best concepts summarized

Table of contents

  • International relations
  • Politics
  • Developmental sociology
  • Development studies
  • Human rights
  • Fundamental rights
  • International organization
  • Democracy
  • Public administration
  • Public policy studies
What is international relations?

What is international relations?

International Relations is the study of interactions that transcend national borders. This includes relations between nation-states, but also encompasses interactions with international organizations (like the UN), NGOs, and even multinational corporations.

What are the main features of international relations?

  • Interdisciplinary: IR draws from political science, economics, history, law, and other disciplines to understand complex global issues.
  • Global Focus: It looks at the world as a whole, analyzing how different actors interact and influence each other.
  • Focus on Power: A core theme is understanding the distribution and use of power between different actors in the international system.

What are important sub-areas in international relations?

  • International Security: Examines war, peace, terrorism, and arms control.
  • International Political Economy: Analyzes the global economy, trade, and development.
  • Foreign Policy Analysis: Studies how countries make decisions about their interactions with other states.
  • Global Governance: Investigates how international institutions and agreements shape the world.

What are key concepts in international relations?

  • Nationalism: The belief that a nation-state is the primary unit of political organization.
  • Globalization: The increasing interconnectedness of the world.
  • Sovereignty: The right of a state to govern itself without external interference.
  • Balance of Power: The idea that states try to maintain a power equilibrium in the international system.

Who are influential figures in international relations?

  • Niccolò Machiavelli: Pioneered the study of power politics.
  • Hans Morgenthau: A realist theorist who emphasized the importance of national interest.
  • John Locke: Influenced liberal thought in IR, focusing on human rights and cooperation.
  • Max Weber: Helped define the concept of the state.

Why is international relations important?

Understanding IR is crucial for navigating the complex world we live in. It helps us:

  • Make sense of global events: From trade wars to pandemics, IR provides frameworks for analysis.
  • Promote cooperation: IR helps identify areas where countries can work together for common good.
  • Address global challenges: Climate change, poverty, and terrorism all require international solutions informed by IR principles.

How is international relations applied in practice?

  • Diplomacy: Diplomats use IR knowledge to negotiate with other countries.
  • Foreign Policy Making: Governments rely on IR theory to formulate foreign policy.
  • International Organizations: IR scholars work in organizations like the UN to address global issues.
  • Journalism: Journalists use IR frameworks to analyze international events.
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What is international organization as study or working field?

What is international organization as study or working field?

The study of International Organizations (IOs) dives into the world of institutions created by cooperation between nations. It examines their structures, functions, roles, and impacts on the global stage.

What are the main features of international organization?

  • Focus on Institutions: Analyzes the design, operation, and decision-making processes within IOs like the United Nations, World Trade Organization, or regional organizations like the African Union.
  • Multidisciplinary Approach: Draws from political science, law, economics, history, and international relations to understand the complex dynamics of IOs.
  • Global Governance: Explores how IOs shape international norms, rules, and practices, contributing to a system of global governance.

What are important sub-areas in international organization?

  • International Law and IOs: Examines the legal frameworks governing IOs, their legal capacity, and treaty negotiation processes.
  • IOs and Global Governance: Analyzes how IOs address global challenges like climate change, security threats, and pandemics.
  • Domestic Politics and IOs: Investigates the role of national interests and domestic politics in shaping the actions of IOs.
  • Theories of IOs: Explores different theoretical perspectives on the origins, functions, and effectiveness of IOs (e.g., realism, liberalism, constructivism).

What are key concepts in international organization?

  • Sovereignty: The right of a state to govern itself without external interference. (IOs often navigate the balance between respecting sovereignty and promoting collective action.)
  • International Regimes: Sets of rules, principles, and norms that govern international interactions in a particular area (e.g., international trade regime).
  • Legitimacy: The perceived rightfulness and effectiveness of an IO's actions.
  • Multilateralism: Cooperation involving many countries to address global challenges.
  • Global Public Goods: Benefits (like peace or environmental protection) that require international cooperation to provide.

Who are influential figures in international organization?

  • Woodrow Wilson: Championed the concept of a League of Nations after World War I.
  • David Mitrany: Pioneered the concept of functionalism, where cooperation on specific issues builds trust and leads to broader cooperation.
  • Hans Morgenthau: A realist scholar who emphasized the role of national interests in shaping IOs.
  • Robert Keohane: A liberal institutionalist who highlighted the role of IOs in promoting cooperation and addressing global challenges.

Why is international organization important?

The study of IOs is crucial because:

  • IOs play a central role in addressing global challenges that no single country can solve alone.
  • They provide platforms for international cooperation, negotiation, and rule-making.
  • Understanding IOs helps us analyze their effectiveness in promoting peace, security, and global well-being.

How is international organization applied in practice?

  • Diplomacy: Diplomats work through IOs to negotiate agreements, represent national interests, and address global problems.
  • International Law: Lawyers specialize in legal issues related to IOs, treaties, and international disputes.
  • Global Governance: Experts work within IOs or advise governments on how to strengthen global governance through international cooperation.
  • Research and Analysis: Researchers study IOs to understand their effectiveness and propose solutions for improvement.
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What is politics?

What is politics?

Politics is the academic discipline that dissects the who, what, when, where, and why of power. It delves into how power is acquired, exercised, and contested within societies.

What are the main features of politics?

  • Power Analysis: The central theme is understanding power dynamics – who has it, how they use it, and the impact on individuals and societies.
  • Focus on Governance: It examines how societies make decisions, create laws, and manage resources through institutions and processes.
  • Diversity of Approaches: Politics draws from various perspectives, including historical, philosophical, sociological, and economic viewpoints.

What are important sub-areas in politics?

  • Political Theory: Explores the philosophical underpinnings of politics, like justice, liberty, and democracy.
  • Comparative Politics: Compares different political systems, like democracies, monarchies, and authoritarian regimes.
  • American Politics: Focuses on the specific institutions, actors, and processes of US government.
  • Public Policy: Analyzes how governments create and implement policies to address societal issues.

Wat are key concepts in politics?

  • Power: The ability to influence others' behavior.
  • State: The legitimate holder of authority within a territory.
  • Government: The institutions and processes that wield state power.
  • Ideology: A set of beliefs about how society should be organized. (e.g., liberalism, socialism, conservatism)
  • Political Participation: The ways citizens engage in the political process (e.g., voting, protesting, campaigning).

Who are influential figures in politics?

  • Plato: Debated the ideal form of government in his Republic.
  • Aristotle: Analyzed different political systems and the importance of citizen participation.
  • Niccolò Machiavelli: Provided a realist perspective on power politics in The Prince.
  • John Locke: Championed individual rights and social contract theory.
  • Karl Marx: Offered a critique of capitalism and envisioned a communist society.

Why is politics important?

Politics is fundamental to understanding the world around us. It helps us:

  • Become Informed Citizens: Understand your rights, responsibilities, and role in shaping society.
  • Critically Analyze Political Events: Decipher political rhetoric and make informed decisions about who to support.
  • Promote Positive Change: Engage in the political process to advocate for your values and improve society.

How is politics applied in practice?

  • Campaigning: Political consultants and strategists use their knowledge of politics to help candidates win elections.
  • Policymaking: Policy analysts use political knowledge to design and advocate for effective policies.
  • Journalism: Political reporters analyze and explain political events for the public.
  • Activism: Understanding politics empowers individuals and groups to advocate for change in their communities.
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What is democracy?

What is democracy?

Democracy isn't a standalone field, but rather a concept studied across various disciplines. Political science takes the lead, examining its structures, functions, and challenges. Philosophy explores its theoretical foundations and justifications. History analyzes its evolution and different forms throughout history.

What are the main features of democracy?

  • Interdisciplinary: Draws from various disciplines to create a comprehensive understanding of democracy.
  • Focus on Popular Rule: Examines how power is vested in the people and exercised through mechanisms like elections and citizen participation.
  • Normative and Empirical: Analyzes the ideals of democracy (normative) and how it functions in practice (empirical).

What are important sub-areas in democracy?

  • Comparative Politics: Compares different democratic systems (e.g., presidential vs. parliamentary) and their effectiveness.
  • Democratic Theory: Explores different justifications for democracy, its core principles (like liberty and equality), and potential challenges.
  • Political Participation: Analyzes how citizens engage in the democratic process (voting, activism, etc.).
  • Democratization: Studies the processes by which countries transition from non-democratic to democratic systems.

What are key concepts in democracy?

  • Popular Sovereignty: The supreme power resides with the people.
  • Legitimacy: The government's right to rule is derived from the consent of the governed.
  • Representation: Citizens choose representatives to make decisions on their behalf.
  • Elections: Competitive elections are a cornerstone of democracy.
  • Rule of Law: Everyone, including the government, is subject to the law.
  • Civil Liberties: Fundamental rights and freedoms guaranteed to citizens (e.g., freedom of speech, assembly, religion).

Who are influential figures in democracy?

  • Plato and Aristotle: Early philosophers who debated the ideal forms of government and citizen participation.
  • John Locke: Championed social contract theory and individual rights.
  • Montesquieu: Advocated for separation of powers to limit government abuse.
  • James Madison: Key figure in designing the US system of checks and balances.
  • John Stuart Mill: Emphasized individual liberty and freedom of expression.

Why is democracy important?

Democracy is crucial because:

  • It promotes individual rights, freedoms, and equality.
  • It encourages citizen participation and political accountability.
  • It provides a peaceful mechanism for transferring power through elections.

How is democracy applied in practice?

  • Constitution Drafting: Political scientists and legal scholars advise on crafting democratic constitutions that define power structures and citizen rights.
  • Election Monitoring: Experts observe elections to ensure fairness and transparency.
  • Promoting Democratic Values: Organizations and activists work to strengthen democratic institutions and practices around the world.
  • Education and Civic Engagement: Educating citizens about their rights and responsibilities is essential for a functioning democracy.
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What is fundamental rights?

What is fundamental rights?

Fundamental rights focus specifically on the legal and constitutional frameworks that protect basic rights and freedoms within a particular country. It delves into the legal interpretations, limitations, and enforcement mechanisms surrounding these rights.

What are the main features of fundamental rights?

  • National Focus: It primarily examines the legal framework of a specific country's constitution and legal system. (This differs from human rights, which has a more universal perspective.)
  • Legal Analysis: Focuses on legal doctrines, case law, and judicial interpretations of fundamental rights.
  • Balance of Power: Analyzes how fundamental rights function within a nation's system of checks and balances, protecting individuals from state overreach.

What are important sub-areas in fundamental rights?

  • Equality Rights: Examines legal principles that guarantee equal treatment under the law and prohibit discrimination.
  • Freedom of Speech and Expression: Analyzes the legal boundaries and limitations on free speech and expression within a country.
  • Due Process Rights: Focuses on legal procedures that ensure fairness in the justice system.
  • Privacy Rights: Explores the legal protections for individual privacy and personal data.

What are key concepts in fundamental rights?

  • Constitution: The supreme law of a country that outlines the structure of government and fundamental rights of citizens.
  • Judicial Review: The power of courts to review the constitutionality of laws and government actions.
  • Standing: The legal requirement for someone to bring a case challenging a law or government action.
  • Proportionality: The principle that restrictions on fundamental rights must be necessary and proportionate to achieve a legitimate aim.
  • Bill of Rights: A document (like the US Bill of Rights) that outlines fundamental rights and liberties.

Who are influential figures in fundamental rights?

  • John Locke: Philosopher who laid the groundwork for concepts of natural rights and limitations on government power.
  • Montesquieu: Advocated for the separation of powers to protect individual liberty.
  • James Madison: Key figure in drafting the US Constitution, ensuring fundamental rights protections.
  • Ruth Bader Ginsburg: US Supreme Court Justice who championed gender equality through her legal decisions.

Why is fundamental rights important?

Understanding fundamental rights is crucial because:

  • They are the cornerstone of a democratic society, protecting individuals from arbitrary government actions.
  • They empower citizens to hold their government accountable.
  • They provide a legal framework for resolving disputes and ensuring fairness.

How is fundamental rights applied in practice?

  • Constitutional Law: Lawyers specialize in interpreting and litigating cases involving fundamental rights.
  • Legal Advocacy: Advocates use knowledge of fundamental rights to challenge discriminatory laws and policies.
  • Policymaking: Policymakers consider fundamental rights when drafting laws and regulations.
  • Judicial Review: Judges use their understanding of fundamental rights to decide cases and ensure laws are constitutional.
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What is human rights?

What is human rights?

Human Rights is an interdisciplinary field that examines the concept of universal human rights, their legal frameworks, and the ongoing struggle to protect them. It explores the ethical, philosophical, legal, and political dimensions of human dignity and well-being.

What are the main features of human rights?

  • Universal Focus: It emphasizes the inherent and inalienable rights belonging to all human beings, regardless of nationality, ethnicity, religion, gender, or any other status.
  • Interdisciplinary Approach: Draws from law, philosophy, political science, sociology, and history to understand human rights issues.
  • Focus on Advocacy: Human rights scholars not only study rights but also advocate for their protection and promotion.

What are important sub-areas in human rights?

  • International Human Rights Law: Analyzes legal frameworks and institutions that protect human rights on a global scale (e.g., UN Human Rights Council, International Criminal Court).
  • Human Rights and Development: Explores the link between human rights and economic and social development.
  • Human Rights and Specific Groups: Focuses on the specific struggles and rights of marginalized groups like women, children, refugees, and indigenous peoples.
  • Human Rights in a Globalized World: Examines the impact of globalization, technology, and emerging threats on human rights.

What are key concepts in human rights?

  • Universal Declaration of Human Rights: A landmark document adopted by the UN in 1948, outlining fundamental human rights and freedoms.
  • Human Dignity: The inherent worth and respect due to every human being.
  • Social Justice: The fair distribution of resources and opportunities to ensure everyone can enjoy their human rights.
  • Accountability: The responsibility of states and individuals to uphold and protect human rights.
  • Empowerment: Providing individuals and groups with the knowledge and resources to claim their rights.

Who are influential figures in human rights?

  • Eleanor Roosevelt: Championed the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
  • Nelson Mandela: Fought against racial segregation and apartheid, advocating for human rights for all.
  • Malala Yousafzai: Activist for girls' education rights.
  • Indira Gandhi: Advocated for the rights of developing nations on the international stage.

Why is human rights important?

Human Rights are crucial because:

  • They are the foundation for a just and equitable world where everyone has the opportunity to thrive.
  • They protect people from abuse and discrimination.
  • They empower individuals to claim their rightful place in society.

How is human rights applied in practice?

  • Human Rights Lawyers: Work in legal advocacy, litigation, and promoting human rights compliance.
  • Human Rights Organizations: Work with communities to document abuses, advocate for change, and provide humanitarian assistance.
  • Policy Development: Human Rights scholars inform policy creation to promote human rights on a national and international level.
  • Education and Awareness: Educating individuals about their rights empowers them to claim them and hold duty-bearers accountable.
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What is public administration?

What is public administration?

Public administration is a field of study that focuses on the management of government agencies and the implementation of public policy. It equips individuals with the knowledge and skills to:

  • Effectively run government organizations
  • Develop and implement public policies
  • Analyze and address complex societal issues

What are the main features of public administration?

  • Focus on Efficiency and Effectiveness: Public administration seeks to ensure government functions efficiently (doing things right) and effectively (doing the right things).
  • Public Service Orientation: Public administrators prioritize the needs of the public good over private interests.
  • Adaptability: Public administration needs to be adaptable to changing social, economic, and political environments.
  • Accountability and Transparency: Public administrators are accountable to elected officials and the public for their actions.

What are important sub-areas in public administration?

Public administration is a broad field with several important sub-areas:

  • Public Policy Analysis: Studying the creation, implementation, and evaluation of public policies.
  • Nonprofit Management: The effective management of non-profit organizations that deliver public services.
  • Human Resource Management: Recruiting, training, and motivating employees within the public sector.
  • Urban Administration: Managing the challenges and opportunities faced by cities.
  • Environmental Administration: Developing and implementing policies for sustainable development.
  • Budgeting and Finance: Managing public funds effectively and efficiently.

What are key concepts in public administration?

  • Governance: The process by which governments function and make decisions.
  • Bureaucracy: The complex system of rules and procedures within government agencies.
  • Public Interest: The well-being of the entire community, not just special interests.
  • Equity and Social Justice: Ensuring fair treatment and opportunities for all citizens.
  • Performance Management: Measuring and improving the effectiveness of government programs.

Who are influential figures in public administration?

Many prominent figures have shaped the field of public administration:

  • Woodrow Wilson (Early Advocate for Professionalism)
  • Luther Gulick and Lyndall Urwick (Principles of Organization)
  • Dwight Waldo (Focus on Democratic Values)
  • Robert B. Denhardt (Public Service Ethics)

Why is public administration important?

Public administration is crucial because it ensures:

  • Effective delivery of public services: From education and healthcare to infrastructure and safety.
  • Accountable and responsive government: Public administrators are responsible for implementing policies that reflect the needs of the public.
  • Efficient use of taxpayer dollars: Public administration strives to manage public funds effectively and avoid waste.

What are applications of public administration in practice?

Public administrators work in various settings, including:

  • Federal, state, and local government agencies: Managing departments, programs, and projects.
  • Non-profit organizations: Delivering essential services to communities.
  • International organizations: Addressing global challenges and promoting cooperation.
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What is development studies?

What is development studies?

Development studies is an interdisciplinary field that examines the economic, social, political, and environmental processes of change in developing countries. It focuses on understanding the challenges these countries face and exploring pathways to achieve sustainable improvements in people's lives.

What are the main features of development studies?

  • Interdisciplinary: It draws from diverse disciplines like economics, sociology, anthropology, political science, and environmental studies.
  • Focus on Sustainability: Development studies emphasizes solutions that meet present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own.
  • Critical Approach: It questions traditional development models and power dynamics, advocating for inclusive and equitable progress.

What are important sub-areas in development studies?

  • Poverty and Inequality: Analyzes the causes and consequences of poverty, and strategies for promoting economic growth with equitable distribution.
  • Human Development: Focuses on improving people's lives by expanding choices and opportunities, like access to education, healthcare, and sanitation.
  • Sustainable Development: Examines how to meet development goals without compromising the environment or depleting natural resources.
  • Governance and Participation: Studies how governments and institutions can be more effective and responsive in addressing development challenges.

What are key concepts in development studies?

  • Development: A multi-faceted process encompassing economic growth, poverty reduction, improved living standards, and greater social justice.
  • Underdevelopment: The state of a country characterized by low income, limited opportunities, and social inequalities.
  • Empowerment: The process of enabling people to control their own lives and participate in decision-making that affects them.
  • Sustainability: Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
  • Global North-South Divide: The gap in economic development and living standards between developed and developing countries.

Who are influential figures in development studies?

  • Amartya Sen: Pioneered the concept of human development and its importance for well-being.
  • Ester Boserup: Advocated for women's empowerment as a key factor in development.
  • Paulo Freire: Emphasized the importance of education and critical thinking in development processes.
  • Wangari Maathai: Highlighted the link between environmental sustainability and human development through her work on the Green Belt Movement.

Why is development studies important?

Development Studies is crucial because:

  • It addresses some of the world's most pressing challenges: poverty, hunger, inequality, and environmental degradation.
  • It promotes a more just and equitable world by advocating for inclusive development strategies.
  • It empowers people in developing countries to participate in shaping their own destinies.

How is development studies applied in practice?

  • Development Agencies: Professionals work in international organizations (e.g., World Bank, UNDP) or NGOs designing and implementing development programs.
  • Policymaking: Development researchers inform government policies on issues like poverty reduction, healthcare, and education.
  • Community Development: Practitioners work directly with communities to address local needs and promote sustainable development initiatives.
  • Research and Advocacy: Researchers generate knowledge and advocate for policies that promote inclusive and equitable development.
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What is public policy studies?

What is public policy studies?

Public Policy Studies is an interdisciplinary field that examines the entire policy cycle, from the creation and analysis of policies to their implementation and evaluation.

What are the main features of public policy studies?

  • Interdisciplinary Approach: Public policy studies draws from various disciplines like political science, economics, sociology, law, and public administration to provide a comprehensive understanding of the policy process.
  • Focus on Problem-Solving: It equips students with analytical skills to identify social problems, design effective policies, and evaluate their impact.
  • Policy Cycle Focus: The field emphasizes each stage of the policy cycle, from agenda-setting and policy formulation to implementation and evaluation.

What are important sub-areas in public policy studies?

  • Policy Analysis: Analyzes policy alternatives, their potential consequences, and trade-offs.
  • Health Policy: Examines policy issues related to healthcare access, quality, and affordability.
  • Education Policy: Studies policies affecting education systems, from K-12 to higher education.
  • Environmental Policy: Explores policies designed to address environmental challenges like climate change and pollution.
  • Social Welfare Policy: Analyzes policies related to poverty, social security, and social services.

What are key concepts in public policy studies?

  • Policy Problem: A social issue that a government seeks to address through policy intervention.
  • Policy Analysis: The systematic study of policy alternatives to determine their feasibility, effectiveness, and efficiency.
  • Stakeholders: Individuals or groups affected by a policy.
  • Policy Implementation: The process of putting a policy into action.
  • Policy Evaluation: Assessing the effectiveness and impact of a policy.

Who are influential figures in public policy studies?

  • Harold Lasswell: Pioneered the study of policy analysis, emphasizing the importance of defining policy problems and analyzing alternatives.
  • Charles Lindblom: Developed the concept of "incrementalism," which suggests that policymaking is often a process of small, gradual changes.
  • Paul Sabatier: Emphasized the role of advocacy coalitions in shaping public policy.
  • Karen Davis: Influential figure in health policy analysis, focusing on cost-effectiveness and access to healthcare.

Why is public policy studies important?

Public Policy Studies is important because:

  • It provides the knowledge and skills to analyze complex social problems and design effective solutions.
  • It equips individuals to participate meaningfully in the policymaking process.
  • It helps us understand the impact of government policies on our lives.

How is public policy studies applied in practice?

  • Policy Analyst: Analyzes policy issues, assesses options, and recommends solutions to government agencies or advocacy groups.
  • Policy Advisor: Advises policymakers on the potential consequences of policy choices.
  • Program Evaluator: Evaluates the effectiveness of government programs and recommends improvements.
  • Lobbyist: Advocates for specific policy positions on behalf of an organization or interest group.
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What is developmental sociology?

What is developmental sociology?

Developmental sociology is a field dedicated to understanding the causes and consequences of social change, particularly focusing on economic development. It examines how societies transform, with a keen eye on the impact these changes have on various social structures.

What are the main features of developmental sociology?

  • Focus on process: It delves into the processes driving social change, not just the end results.
  • Social transformation: It analyzes how societies move from one state to another, considering factors like industrialization, urbanization, and globalization.
  • Unequal impacts: It recognizes that development doesn't affect everyone equally. It explores how power dynamics shift and how inequalities like poverty and gender gaps are shaped by these changes.
  • Global perspective: It takes a broad view, examining development not just within a single country but also in the larger international context.

What are important sub-areas in developmental sociology?

  • Social Movements and Development: How social movements influence development policies and practices.
  • Gender and Development: The impact of development on women's lives and their role in the process.
  • Poverty and Inequality: How development affects poverty levels and social stratification.
  • Sustainable Development: Balancing economic growth with environmental and social well-being.
  • Urbanization and Development: The social implications of rapid urban growth in developing countries.

Who are influential figures in developmental sociology?

  • Max Weber: Studied the role of culture and religion in economic development.
  • Karl Marx: Focused on class conflict and the impact of capitalism on development.
  • Immanuel Wallerstein: Developed the World Systems Theory, explaining development through core-periphery dynamics.
  • Amartya Sen: Championed human development, emphasizing capabilities and freedoms over just economic growth.

Why is developmental sociology important?

  • Provides critical perspectives on development policies and interventions.
  • Helps understand the social costs and benefits of change.
  • Offers insights for promoting more equitable and sustainable development models.

How is developmental sociology applied in practice?

  • Informs development programs by considering social and cultural contexts.
  • Helps address issues like poverty, gender inequality, and environmental degradation.
  • Evaluates the effectiveness of development projects on a broader societal level.
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International Relations: summaries of legendary standard works, literature and manuals

International Relations: summaries of legendary standard works, literature and manuals

Summary with International Economics and Business. Nations and Firms in the Global Economy by Beugelsdijk

Summary with International Economics and Business. Nations and Firms in the Global Economy by Beugelsdijk


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CHAPTER A: ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION- WHAT, HOW AND WHEN?

§A.1 ‘The global economy- Some general information’

There is no one standard answer to the question: “What is globalization?”. Globalization means different things to different people. Take farm leaders, trade unionists and human rights activists as an example ; they all see different pros and cons for globalization.

Based on this argumentation, there are five key issues to be considered:

  • Cultural globalization > Which is about the debate whether there is one big global culture or a set of universal cultural variables, and the degree  to which these universal cultural variables displace embedded national cultures and traditions.

An example that illustrates this debate: there are people afraid of ‘McDonaldization’ (hige multinationals are the carriers of culture globalization) and there are people seeing enough room for local traditions.

  • Economic globalization > Which is about the decline of national markets and the rise of global markets. Drivers for economic globalization are fundamental changes in technology which permit more efficient ways of internationally organizing production processes.
  • Geographical globalization > Which is about the result of ‘joint time and space’ due to reduced travel times and the rapid (electronic) exchange of information. Some neo-liberals named this development the ‘end of geography’ in which location no longer matters.
  • Institutional globalization > Which is about the spread of universal institutional regulations across the world, triggered by US President Reagan’s and UK Prime Minister Thatcher’s ‘revolution’ of neo-liberalism. These neo-liberal policies are represented by institutions such as the IMF (International Monetary Fund), the WB (World Bank) and the WTO (World Trade Organization). These universal institutional regulations are not only on macro-economic level, but also on the micro-economic level: multinationals adopt similar policies under the pressure of competition and regulation.
  • Political globalization > Which is about the relationship between the power of the market (multinational corporations) versus the nation-state, which continuously has to make changes and updates in reaction to economic and political forces. Popular anti-globalists stress that large multinationals become more and more powerful, out-powering the majority of nation-states. In contradiction, others point out that real evidence for these fears is lacking, as the state has to provide security, a legal system, education and infrastructure, which are all of vital importance for economic activity and growth.

Keynes once said that the master economist should “examine the present in light of the past, for the purpose of the future”, by which the common opinion.....read more

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Summary with the 2nd edition of International Economics and Business: Nations and Firms in the Global Economy by Beugelsdijk
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International business and strategy: the best textbooks summarized

International business and strategy: the best textbooks summarized

International Business and Strategy: the best textbooks summarized

Summaries and study assistance with International Business and Strategy

  • For 5+ booksummaries for International Business and Strategy, see the supporting content of this study guide

Table of Content

  • Business Ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization by Crane and Matten
  • Business History: complexities and comparisons van Amatori en Colli
  • Cross-Cultural Management by Thomas and Peterson
  • Global Business by Peng
  • Global Political Economy by O'Brien and Williams
  • International Business Strategy by Verbeke
  • International Economics van Marrewijk
  • International Economics by Pugel
  • International Economics and Business: Nations and Firms in the Global Economy by Beugelsdijk
  • Operations and Supply Chain Management, The Core van Jacobs en Chase

For available summaries, bulletpoints, practice exams and glossaries with International Business and Strategy, see the supporting content of this study guide

About International Business and Strategy

  • International Business involves commercial transactions that occur between countries, including trade, investment, and management of global operations. Strategy refers to the comprehensive plan devised by an organization to achieve long-term goals and maintain competitive advantage, encompassing decisions about resource allocation, market positioning, and business operations.

Related summaries and study assistance

Supporting content: 
Summary with the 4th edition of Business Ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization by Crane and Matten
Boeksamenvatting bij Business History: complexities and comparisons van Amatori en Colli
Summary of the 4th edition of Cross-Cultural Management by Thomas and Peterson
Summary of Global Business by Peng: 4th edition, with extra short summary and examtips
Summary with the 5th edition of Global Political Economy by O'Brien and Williams
Summary with the 2nd edition of International Business Strategy by Verbeke
Boeksamenvatting bij International economics van Marrewijk
Summary of International Economics by Pugel
Summary with the 2nd edition of International Economics and Business: Nations and Firms in the Global Economy by Beugelsdijk
Boeksamenvatting bij de 5e druk van Operations and Supply Chain Management, The Core van Jacobs en Chase
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Internationale communicatie en interculturele communicatie: De beste studieboeken samengevat

Internationale communicatie en interculturele communicatie: De beste studieboeken samengevat

Samenvattingen en studiehulp bij Internationale communicatie en interculturele communicatie

Inhoudsopgave

Nederlands:

  • Samenvatting bij het boek: Interculturele Communicatie van Nunez en Popma - 3e druk
  • Samenvatting bij het boek: McQuails Mass Communication theory van McQuail

Engels:

  • Summary with the book: Cross-Cultural Management by Thomas and Peterson - 4th edition

Over Internationale communicatie en interculturele communicatie

  • Internationale communicatie richt zich op de uitwisseling van informatie en ideeën tussen verschillende landen en culturen, vaak met een focus op de rol van media en technologie in deze processen. Interculturele communicatie bestudeert specifiek hoe mensen met verschillende culturele achtergronden met elkaar communiceren, met aandacht voor de uitdagingen en mogelijkheden die hierbij komen kijken
Supporting content: 
Summary of the 4th edition of Cross-Cultural Management by Thomas and Peterson
Boeksamenvatting bij de 3e druk van Interculturele Communicatie van Nunez en Popma
Boeksamenvatting bij McQuails Mass Communication theory van McQuail
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International Human Resource Management

International Human Resource Management

Summary of: Ewards, T. & Kuruvilla, S. (2005). International HRM: National Business Systems, Organizational Politics, and the International Division of Labour in MNCs. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(1)

INTERNATIONAL HRM

Strategic human resource management: The RBV suggests that the firm’s human resources can be used to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. But failures by the HRM policy can turn human resources into a major source of disadvantage. Considering transaction cost economics, the decision to add one or more factory workers on the assembly line might be made using the logic of transaction cost analysis. But maybe not when we talk about skilled workers and probably even less again when we’re talking about workers core to our firm.

 

Human resource management (HRM) is a field of theory and practice that deals with decisions related to policies and practices, that together help to shape the relationship between the firm and its employees. It is suggested that:

  • Human capital can be a source of competitive advantage; and

  • HR practices have the most direct influence on the human capital of an organization.

 

Most conceptual models provide grounds for expecting MNCs to adopt a global element to the way they manage their international workforces to reap the benefits from coordination and integration; consistency and contribution; and learning lessons across operation (transferring knowledge). Another pressure for global HR policies is the country of origin effect (i.e. export the home country style). In contrast, there are also a variety of grounds expecting MNCs to adopt a local element in their HR policies. Decentralization is pressed for by differing national cultures (i.e. multi-culturalism) and national-level regulations and institutions.
 

A variety of authors argue for a middle way, a combination of the global and local pressures. Yet, the tension between integration (consistency of HR practices in the MNC) and differentiation (local adaptation) is determined by a list of endogenous and exogenous factors, so many in fact that the models are difficult to operationalize.
 

There are three significant weaknesses and problems to the existing literature:

1. Inadequate conceptualization of national influences
The weak explanatory power of the precise origins and nature of both global and local effects. Importantly, where there is an attempt to analyze a national system it is often couched in terms of culture.

This can take two forms:

  1. Either culture is used in a loose way to capture all aspects of national differences

  2. Use is made of a particular typology of culture, such as Hofstede’s.

Apart from the utility for HR policy, perhaps the major problem with these cultural approaches is that they explain relatively little.

An alternative approach is to focus on the key institutions within a nation. Focus on a national business system, which is a set of interlocking structures and institutions in different spheres of economic and social life that combine to create a nationally distinct pattern

.....read more
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Summary: Law of Public International Organizations

Summary: Law of Public International Organizations


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Chapter 1: Introduction

The activities of international organizations are subject to law, and give rise to law. Each and every international organization has a set of rules relating to its own functioning. As international organizations do not exist in a vacuum, their activities are also bound to exercise some influence on other legal systems, and absorb the influence of such systems. While it is possible that international organizations are influenced by, and exert influence on, the law of individual nation-states, the more direct and influential links usually exist within the body of rules known as international law.

Critical legal theory

The law of international organizations is still somewhat immature. On numerous points the law lacks certainty. In particular, international legal doctrine has a hard time coming to terms with the relationship between an international organization and the very states which are its members. On the one hand, the law is supposed to respect the interests of individual states. Yet at the same time, the law must also take the interests of the international community into account. Following the critical legal tradition, international law is bound to swerve back and forth between these two poles of sovereignty and community. It is this tension which makes international legal rules often ultimately uncertain. This tension also reflects in the law of international organizations, for example regarding the so-called principle of attribution of powers. Strict adherents to the notion of state sovereignty will not easily admit the existence of implied powers; yet for the protection of community interests, an implied power may well be deemed desirable.

The main benefit of critical legal theory is its capacity to make visible the inherent tensions and contradictions which help shape the law. In this way it can provide great services in understanding international institutional law.

Defining international organizations

What exactly is an international organization? While it is structurally impossible to define in a comprehensive manner, something which is a social creation (social constructs, created by people in order to help them achieve some purpose) to begin with, it is common in the literature to delimit international organizations in at least some ways. One delimitation often made depends on the body of law governing the activities of the organization. If those activities are governed by international law, we speak of an international organization, or at least of an intergovernmental organization. If those activities are governed by.....read more

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Summary: Financial Accounting: An International Introduction

Summary: Financial Accounting: An International Introduction

This summary was written in the year 2013-2014.


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1. Introduction to Financial Accounting

Definitions

Accounting has evolved over the years based on a response to different perceived needs in that field. In different countries and in different environments accounting has developed in different ways. Because of this there is not one single definition for the word accounting. Generally speaking, accounting exists to provide service for different types of people dealing with business entities, such as managers, investors, lenders, employees, suppliers, customers, governments, and the public.

There are key words for accounting which are:

  • Process
  • Information
  • Economic nature
  • Enable decision making

Managerial accounting (internal)

Managerial accounting targets at management within organizations, therefore no commercially confidential information needs to be kept secret. No external checking is needed for the reporting. Compared with financial reporting, it is more detailed, more frequent, and involving forecasting all the important figures for next year. It is concerned with the provision of information intended to be useful to management within the business

Financial accounting (external)

Accounting for users outside of the business itself (examples are listed in the definition, excluding managers). According to IASB, financial reporting is largely designed to provide investors with useful information, concentrating on immediate past. External checking is needed.

Users of financial statements:

  • Investors
  • Employees
  • Suppliers
  • Governments
  • Public
  • Customers
  • Other lenders

Auditing

A control mechanism made to provide both external and independent checks on the published financial statements and reports of organizations.

  • Finance: looks at the optimal means of raising money
  • Financial management: the optimal means of spending it
  • Financial accounting: reporting on the results of having used it

Bookkeeping

Records data and keeping records of money and financially related movements. It is financial and management accounting that takes the raw data, chooses and presents it as appropriate. Therefore, financial accounting acts as the communicating process to those outside the enterprise.

Regulation

Market forces, the 'state' and accountancy profession together determine accounting regulation. The accounting profession is organized in associations. The European Union requires two types of organization: qualifying bodies (exams & technical rules) and regulatory bodies which are under government control. The coordinating organization for the accountancy profession around the world is IFAC (International Federation of Accountants). The purpose of IFAC is “to develop and enhance a coordinated worldwide accountancy profession with harmonized standards”. IASB (International Accounting Standards Board).....read more

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International Law: summaries of legendary standard works, literature and manuals

International Law: summaries of legendary standard works, literature and manuals

Summary: Law of Public International Organizations

Summary: Law of Public International Organizations


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Chapter 1: Introduction

The activities of international organizations are subject to law, and give rise to law. Each and every international organization has a set of rules relating to its own functioning. As international organizations do not exist in a vacuum, their activities are also bound to exercise some influence on other legal systems, and absorb the influence of such systems. While it is possible that international organizations are influenced by, and exert influence on, the law of individual nation-states, the more direct and influential links usually exist within the body of rules known as international law.

Critical legal theory

The law of international organizations is still somewhat immature. On numerous points the law lacks certainty. In particular, international legal doctrine has a hard time coming to terms with the relationship between an international organization and the very states which are its members. On the one hand, the law is supposed to respect the interests of individual states. Yet at the same time, the law must also take the interests of the international community into account. Following the critical legal tradition, international law is bound to swerve back and forth between these two poles of sovereignty and community. It is this tension which makes international legal rules often ultimately uncertain. This tension also reflects in the law of international organizations, for example regarding the so-called principle of attribution of powers. Strict adherents to the notion of state sovereignty will not easily admit the existence of implied powers; yet for the protection of community interests, an implied power may well be deemed desirable.

The main benefit of critical legal theory is its capacity to make visible the inherent tensions and contradictions which help shape the law. In this way it can provide great services in understanding international institutional law.

Defining international organizations

What exactly is an international organization? While it is structurally impossible to define in a comprehensive manner, something which is a social creation (social constructs, created by people in order to help them achieve some purpose) to begin with, it is common in the literature to delimit international organizations in at least some ways. One delimitation often made depends on the body of law governing the activities of the organization. If those activities are governed by international law, we speak of an international organization, or at least of an intergovernmental organization. If those activities are governed by.....read more

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Summary of International Law by Shaw: 7th edition

Summary of International Law by Shaw: 7th edition


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Chapter A The nature and development of international law

The principal actors in international law are nation-states, not individual citizens like in domestic or municipal law. International law is divided into conflict of law, private international law and public international law. The latter is usually termed ‘international law’. Public international law covers relations between states in all their forms, and regulates the operations of the many international institutions. It may be universal or general, binding upon all states, or regional, binding upon a select group of states.

International law has no legislature. There is no system of courts operating outside the situation when both parties agree and recognize the concerned Court. International law is constituted in a very different manner than domestic law. Also, there is no unified system of sanctions in international law, but there are circumstances in which the use of force is regarded as justified and legal. Within the United Nations, the Security Council can impose sanctions upon the determination of a threat to the peace, a breach of the peace or an act of aggression. Such sanctions may be economic or military. Another justification of the use of force is in the case of self-defense, but it is bound to rules provided by international law. It is important to realize that states do feel the need to obey the rules of international law, because if they do not act accordingly, the system of international law ceases to exist.

The international system

The international system has a horizontal structure; all states are considered equal. In municipal law, the law is above individuals, but in international law the law only exists between the states. Also, in municipal law, the individual has no influence on the creation of law. In international law, states create it themselves, as international law consists mostly of agreements and treaties developed and signed by states. An important element for states in order to obey international law is the principle of reciprocity. States often do not pursue one particular course of action which might bring them short-term gains, because it could

.....read more
Supporting content: 
Summary of International Law by Shaw: 6th edition
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Handbook of International Law

Handbook of International Law

This summary of Handbook of international Law by Aust is written in 2013


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Chapter 1. International law

Private international law and transnational law

The term ‘private international law’ refers to what is known as the ‘conflict of laws’. It covers the body of rules of a State’s domestic law which addresses legal issues with foreign elements; these rules determine which legal rules and jurisdiction are applicable.

A number of institutions are responsible for harmonisation of rules concerning conflict of laws. The Hague Conference on Private International Law, established in 1893 is tasked with the harmonisation of domestic rules on conflict of laws; UNIDROIT is responsible for the harmonisation of commercial domestic laws; UNCITRAL is tasked with harmonising international trade law.

The term ‘transnational law’ primarily connotes the study of the laws of multiple States, comparative law, supranational law, and (commercial) public international law. The study of transnational law gives the impression that the laws of States are becoming ever more similar; however, this is not the case.

The nature of international law

International law is generally known as ‘public international law’ (sometimes also as ‘general international law’), in contrast to the public international law described above. It was previously known as the ‘Law of Nations’. Public international law is the product of the actions of States instead of a single national legal system.

The history of public international law is generally said to have started with Hugo Grotius, a Dutch jurist and diplomat, who lived from 1583 to 1645. Another important event in the early history of Public International Law is the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, which concluded the end of the Thirty Years’ War and the period of feudalism in European history. It also marked the emergence of the modern nation state with a strong centralised government exercising control over its subjects. These new states were in need of rules to govern conduct between them. From the mid-seventeenth century these

.....read more
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An Introduction to International Criminal Law and Procedure

An Introduction to International Criminal Law and Procedure


International Criminal Law and Procedure by Cryer e.a.

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Part A: Introduction

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Chapter 1: Aspects of international criminal law

Introduction

Public international law primarily regulates interactions between States. However, international criminal law is mainly concerned with the conduct of individual persons. If persons violate international laws, that imposes the obligation on States to penalise such actions. International criminal law has been rapidly developing following the Second World War. This means that the broader field of international law is increasingly focusing on protecting humans rather than only the interests and obligations of States. An exception to this is that the crime of aggression can only be committed by (high-ranking) State officials. The project of international criminal law is quite recent.. Especially the Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda established in the 1990s have been important for its case law. International criminal courts and tribunals courts do not possess universal jurisdiction. Their rules are not always homogeneous or consistent. This can be explained partially by the fact that international criminal rules derive from a variety of sources. War crimes, for example, have developed from international humanitarian law. Genocide and crimes against humanity have evolved together with international human rights standards. War crimes, genocide, crimes against humanity and the crime of aggression constitute the most important crimes on which international law focuses. These are also the.....read more

Supporting content: 
Boeksamenvatting bij International Criminal Law and Procedure - Cryer e.a. - 2e druk
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Supersummary International Law - Anders Henriksen

Supersummary International Law - Anders Henriksen

With this book, Anders Henriksen has created a complete overview of international law. The book starts of with the basics of international law. All the important terms are discussed in detail. Comparisons are made between international and national but also EU-law.

After the explanation of the basics, different types of law are discussed. The influence of international law is made claer in this respect. The law of the sea, human rights law, environmental law and economic law all fall under international law for some part, but they differ from eachother in certain aspects. What complicates this even more, is that states and international organizations also have established their own rules. 

Lastly, it is discussed how international law can be enforced and what happens when it is not obeyed. The book touches on peacefull dispute setlement, use of force, armed conflicts and international criminal law, and the relation between these breaches and solutions of international law. 

The book is written especially for students, so everything is neatly structured and clearly explained. This book is perfect for beginning students who are just starting to learn about international law but also provides a very complete and detailed understanding of international law. The fact that de book starts of with the basics and later dives into the more complex issues, makes the material very understandable.

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International business & strategy: The best concepts summarized
Law and public administration - Theme
Crossroads: activities

SPOTLIGHT (NL)

Culturele antropologie: De beste studieboeken samengevat

Culturele antropologie: De beste studieboeken samengevat

Samenvattingen en studiehulp bij Culturele antropologie

Inhoudsopgave

Nederlands:

  • Vergelijkende antropologie en etnografie: De beste studieboeken samengevat
  • Cultuur en conflict: De beste studieboeken samengevat
  • Werken en studeren als antropoloog: De beste studieboeken samengevat

Engels:

  • Social systems and power structures: The best textbooks summarized

Over culturele antropologie

  • Culturele antropologie is een tak van de wetenschap die de diversiteit van menselijke culturen bestudeert. Door diepgaand veldonderzoek, vaak met volledige onderdompeling in een samenleving, ontrafelen antropologen de unieke waarden, overtuigingen, sociale structuren en omgangsvormen van verschillende bevolkingsgroepen

Supporting content: 
Vergelijkende antropologie en etnografie: De beste studieboeken samengevat
Cultuur en conflict: De beste studieboeken samengevat
Werken en studeren als antropoloog: De beste studieboeken samengevat
Social systems and power structures: The best textbooks summarized
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Internationale communicatie en interculturele communicatie: De beste studieboeken samengevat

Internationale communicatie en interculturele communicatie: De beste studieboeken samengevat

Samenvattingen en studiehulp bij Internationale communicatie en interculturele communicatie

Inhoudsopgave

Nederlands:

  • Samenvatting bij het boek: Interculturele Communicatie van Nunez en Popma - 3e druk
  • Samenvatting bij het boek: McQuails Mass Communication theory van McQuail

Engels:

  • Summary with the book: Cross-Cultural Management by Thomas and Peterson - 4th edition

Over Internationale communicatie en interculturele communicatie

  • Internationale communicatie richt zich op de uitwisseling van informatie en ideeën tussen verschillende landen en culturen, vaak met een focus op de rol van media en technologie in deze processen. Interculturele communicatie bestudeert specifiek hoe mensen met verschillende culturele achtergronden met elkaar communiceren, met aandacht voor de uitdagingen en mogelijkheden die hierbij komen kijken
Supporting content: 
Summary of the 4th edition of Cross-Cultural Management by Thomas and Peterson
Boeksamenvatting bij de 3e druk van Interculturele Communicatie van Nunez en Popma
Boeksamenvatting bij McQuails Mass Communication theory van McQuail
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Europees recht en de Europese Unie: De beste studieboeken samengevat

Europees recht en de Europese Unie: De beste studieboeken samengevat

Samenvattingen en studiehulp bij Europees recht en de Europese Unie

Inhoudsopgave

  • Samenvatting bij het boek: EU law: Text, Cases, and Materials van Craig en De Burca - 6e druk
  • Samenvatting bij het boek: An introduction to European law van Schütze - 1e druk
  • Samenvatting bij het boek: European Union Law van Chalmers - 2e druk
  • Samenvatting bij het boek: Europees Recht: Algemeen deel van Eijsbouts e.a. - 6e druk
  • Samenvatting bij het boek: Recht van de Europese Unie van Amtenbrink en Vedder - 3e druk
  • Samenvatting bij het boek: Hoofdstukken uit de Europese codificatiegeschiedenis van Lokin en Zwalve - 5e druk
  • Samenvatting bij het boek: Hoofdstukken uit de Geschiedenis van het Europese Privaatrecht I: Inleiding en zakenrecht van Zwalve - 3e druk

Over Europees recht en de Europese Unie

  • De Europese Unie (EU) is een politieke en economische unie van 20+ lidstaten die in Europa gelegen zijn. De EU heeft als doel de samenwerking tussen de lidstaten te bevorderen op verschillende gebieden, zoals handel, landbouw, visserij, milieu, en sociaal beleid. Europees recht is het rechtssysteem dat geldt binnen de EU. Het omvat wetten die door de EU-instellingen zijn vastgesteld, evenals jurisprudentie van het Hof van Justitie van de Europese Unie.
Supporting content: 
Boeksamenvatting bij de 6e druk van EU law: Text, Cases, and Materials van Craig en De Burca
Boeksamenvatting bij de 1e druk van An introduction to European law van Schütze
Boeksamenvatting bij de 2e druk van European Union Law van Chalmers
Boeksamenvatting bij de 6e druk van Europees Recht: Algemeen deel van Eijsbouts e.a.
Boeksamenvatting bij de 6e druk van Recht van de Europese Unie van Amtenbrink en Vedder
Boeksamenvatting bij de 5e druk van Hoofdstukken uit de Europese codificatiegeschiedenis van Lokin en Zwalve
Boeksamenvatting bij de 3e druk van Hoofdstukken uit de Geschiedenis van het Europese Privaatrecht I: Inleiding en zakenrecht van Zwalve
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Human rights and fundamental rights - Theme

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How to use and find summaries, study notes en practice exams on JoHo WorldSupporter?

How to use and find summaries, study notes en practice exams on JoHo WorldSupporter?


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Using and finding summaries, study notes en practice exams on JoHo WorldSupporter

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with discounts on items & gifts

  • concerning travel, study, work, inspiration and emigration

with discounts on activities & projects

  • such as air travel, holidays, volunteer work, language courses, and travelling 

with discounts on insurances & advice

  • such as emigration insurances, travel insurances, and health insurances
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...and together we support worldsupporters and projects

  • with personal development via worldsupporter.org and online tools
  • with international collaborations via projects in Africa, Asia, and South America
  • with bringing organizations and individuals into contact with each other to make each other stronger, more aware, and to inspire one another
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How do you receive free subscription services when insured via JoHo?

  • Are you a member and do you take out a yearly continuous insurance via JoHo? Then you are able to use the services and discounts of the JoHo subscription for free
  • How does it work? Become a JoHo member and apply for your travel or health insurance  via JoHo. As a JoHo member you will receive the benefits of the JoHo subscription
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How to choose and purchase a JoHo subscription services

Purchasing JoHo subscription services

  • JoHo members can choose to purchase a subscription for choice assistance, advice, discounts, or extra support for JoHo
  • If you want to purchase subscription services, you are able to do so with the same form as the one to become a JoHo member
  • If you already are a JoHo member and want to change to, or add, a subscription, please fill out form for changing your membership

How does registering, logging in & creating a password work

  • As a new JoHo member you automatically receive an online account at joho.org, which you can activate with a link that you will receive in your mailbox

Read more at

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Are you able to become a member without an IBAN/SEPA bank account?

  • If you don't have an IBAN (international bank account number) with SEPA, but you still want to use membership services or support JoHo's projects and initiatives, including Smokey Tours, take a look at the page about International services
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What are the rules and guidelines?

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What is your JoHo number?

  • You can find your JoHo number at your My JoHo page as soon as you are logged in at joho.org
  • You need your JoHo number, for example, for obtaining the discounts on insurances, summaries, and at partner organisations
  • Have you lost your JoHo number? Please contact JoHo via the online contact forms or log in at joho.org and you will find your JoHo number at your account page on JoHo.org

 

Join & Register (via JoHo.org)

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  • 1433 reads
WorldSupporter: Register with JoHo - Start

WorldSupporter: Register with JoHo - Start

JoHo enables people and organizations to develop and work better together, thereby contributing to a tolerant, tolerant and sustainable world. Online platforms and physical support centers support personal development and encourage international cooperation.
  • 15892 reads
WorldSupporter: FAQ and how to use content and tools - Start
Crossroads:

Internationale organisaties, non-profit werk en sociale ondernemingen: JoHo.org

 

Follow the author: Study Supporter
This content is used in bundle:

WorldSupporter: theme pages for summaries and study assistance

Anthropology and ethnology - Theme
Business and Economics - Theme
International relations and international studies - Theme
IT and technology - Theme
Law and public administration - Theme
Communication, marketing, pr and sales - Theme
Medicine and healthcare - Theme
Pedagogy and education - Theme
Psychology and behavorial sciences - Theme
Statistics: summaries and study assistance - Theme
Society and culture - Theme
Summaries and Study assistance: learning, studying and passing exams - Bundle

Summaries and Study assistance: learning, studying and passing exams - Bundle

WorldSupporter: thema pagina's voor samenvattingen en studiehulp

WorldSupporter: thema pagina's voor samenvattingen en studiehulp

WorldSupporter: main theme pages

WorldSupporter: main theme pages

Crossroads: activities, countries, competences, study fields and goals
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