Questions

Question 1

Which of the following does not belong to the three categories that children use to distinguish by categoral hierarchy? 

1. Not-living things.
2. Animals.
3. Humans.
4. Living things.

Question 2

Which of the following is true?

1. An important component of false belief problems is the understanding of the relation between desires and actions.
2. Theory of mind is the understanding of how the mind works and how this influences behavior.

1. Only statement 1 is true.
2. Only statement 2 is true.
3. Both statements are true.
4. Both statements are false.

Question 3

Which of the following concepts is not developed by children to understand the world?

1. Space.
2. Causality.
3. Numbers.
4. Pace.

Question 4

Which concepts are in the order 'subordinate', 'basic', and 'superordinate'?

1. Car, jeep, means of transport.
2. Means of transport, car, jeep.
3. Jeep, car, means of transport.
4. Means of transport, jeep, car.

Question 5

What does essentialism mean?

1. The understanding that every living being has something other than what makes them what they are.
2. The theory that emphasizes innate mechanisms in conceptual development.
3. The theory that emphasizes the essential components of conceptual development.
4. The idea that conceptual development is different and takes place differently for each individual.

Question 6

Ormrod believed that in misconceptions conceptual change is prevented by ...

1. The occurrence of the misattrubution effect.
2. The occurrence of the confirmation bias.
3. The permanent consolidation of this information in the long-term memory.
4. The automation of association of this information.

Question 7

Steve Jobs holds a meeting where everyone has to contribute as many ideas as possible without looking at whether those ideas are feasible. This is an example of ...

1. Groupthink.
2. Uninhibited thinking.
3. Convergent thinking.
4. Divergent thinking.

Question 8

The belief that infants are born with some sense of fundamental concepts, such as time, space, and number, is a basic component of ... .

1. Naïve psychology.
2. Theory of mind.
3. Nativism.
4. Empiricism.

Question 9

In Krascum and Andrew's experiments, young children were better able to classify wugs and gillies after being told sotries explaining each creature's unique appearance. Their findings support the imnportance of ... .

1. Naïve psychology.
2. Causal relationships.
3. Magical thinking.
4. False beliefs.

Question 10

The proposed existence of a theory of mind model, which is the brain mechanism devoted to understanding other human beings, is most closely associated with advocates of which position?

1. Empiricism.
2. Existentialism.
3. Essentialism.
4. Nativism.

Question 11

What is the significance of the false-belief problem?

1. It illustrates that very young children do not understand that other people act on their own beliefs, even when those beliefs are false.
2. It presents evidence that young children children do not fully understand causal relationships.
3. It proves that there are certain false beliefs that an individual will maintain from early childhood into adolescence.
4. It supports the view that the age at which a child can understand other people's intentions varies by culture.

Question 12

A mother magically produces a coin from behind her 6-year-old son's ear. Which of the following scenarios describes the response of a typical 6-year-old?

1. The son searches his mother's hands, up her sleeves, and behind his ear to try to make sense of the event.
2. The son does not react to this unusual events.
3. The son does not find the trick funny and storms out of the room.
4. The son realizes immediately that the mother has hidden the coin in her hand.

Question 13

Nativists and empiricists have itnense debates about the development of spatial thinking, but on which of the following points do these two groups tend to agree?

1. Infants show little to no understanding of spatial concepts.
2. Self-movement does not appear to aid in the development of spatial learning.
3. Children are unable to use geometric information in locating objects.
4. The development of the hippocampus is related to improvements in spatial learning.

Question 14

In front of Sue are three balls, three teddy bears, three pencils, and three apples. Sue studies the groups of objects and realizes that they all share the property of "threeness". Sue is demonstrating an understanding of what concept?

1. Stable order.
2. Order irrelevance.
3. Numerical equality.
4. Abstraction.

Question 15 

Which of the following statements describes the counting principle of abstraction?

1. Any set of discete objects or events can be counted.
2. Objects can be counted in any order.
3. Each object must be labeled by a single number word.
4. The numbers should always be recited in the same order.

Answers

Question 1

B. Animals, these belong to the category 'living things'.

Question 2

B. False beliefs are situations in which another person believes something to be true that the child knows is false.

Question 3

D.  Pace does not belong to the central aspects of conceptual development.

Question 4

C. 'Jeep' is subordinate, 'car' is basic, and 'mode of transport' is superordinate.

Question 5

A. This understanding is the beginning of the conceptual development of living things.

Question 6

B. Het optreden van de confirmation bias.

Question 7

D. Divergent thinking.

Question 8

C. Nativism is the idea that infants are born with innate knowledge and/or skills.

Question 9

B. Causal relationships.

Question 10

D. Nativism.

Question 11

A. The false-belief problem illustrates that very young children do not understand that other people act on their own beliefs, even when those beliefs are false.

Question 12

A. A typical 6-year-old will search his mother's hands, up her sleeves, and behind his ear to try to make sense of the event.

Question 13

D. Nativists and empiricists agree that the development of the hippocampus is related to improvements in spatial learning.

Question 14

B. Numerical equality.

Question 15

A. The counting principle of abstraction is that any set of discrete objects or events can be counted..