General arousal triggered by a range of non-sexual events can sometimes change into sexual arousal. There appears to be an optimal level of arousal although people differ in the level of optimal arousal. A lot of human behaviour can be explained as attempts to elevate a level of arousal. Unpredictab...

Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is an effective treatment for alleviating PTSD symptoms. In EMDR, the patient recalls traumatic memories while simultaneously making horizontal eye movements. There are three hypotheses as to why and how EMDR works:

1. EMDR works by recallin...

For PTSD treatment, it is important to spend sufficient time on psychoeducation. The patient should understand the likely causes of their symptoms and how the treatment is supposed to alleviate these symptoms. Writing therapy is effective for the treatment of PTSD and consists of three phases:

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Trauma-focused interventions refer to interventions that directly address memories of the traumatic event or thoughts and feelings related to the traumatic event (e.g. EMDR). Non-trauma focused interventions refer to interventions that do not directly address memories of the traumatic event or thoug...

Neurodevelopmental disorders are different from adult acquired disorders involving traumatic brain injury because they involve no period of normal development. Any IQ score in a neurodevelopmental disorder is confounded with the condition. The IQ score can never be separated from the effects of the ...

It is unclear which treatment is the most effective in particular cases and it is not clear which treatments have sufficient evidence to be used, as there are no guidelines for this. Evidence-based treatment (i.e. EBT) refers to interventions or techniques that have therapeutic changes in controlled...

There are three important questions when assessing the relationship between variables:

1. Statistical significance
2. Effect size
3. Practical significance

The practical significance (i.e. clinical significance) can be assessed by considering factors such as clinical ben...

There appears to be a high rate of false positives in science. The p-value refers to the conditional probability that the present data or more extreme will be observed in a random sample given that the null hypothesis is true. Critique of using the p-value includes not interpreting the p-value prope...