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The Lotka-Volterra model is a mathematical tool used in ecology to describe the dynamics of two interacting populations: prey and predator. Developed by Alfred Lotka and Vito Volterra, it uses a system of differential equations to depict how these populations fluctuate over time.
A classic example is its application to fox and rabbit populations. The model predicts that as the rabbit population increases, the fox population will rise due to abundant food. However, with more foxes, the rabbit population will decline. This decrease in prey leads to a decline in fox numbers, eventually allowing the rabbit population to rebound, and the cycle continues. This boom-and-bust pattern has been observed in real-world studies of fox and rabbit populations.
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