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What is an infection?

An infection occurs when a foreign organism (pathogen) like bacteria, virus, fungus, or parasite invades a host (human or animal) and disrupts normal bodily functions, causing disease. Here's a deeper dive:

What are the main features of an infection?

  • Invasion and Colonization: Pathogens gain entry into the host through various routes (airborne, ingestion, etc.) and establish themselves in host tissues.
  • Disruption and Damage: Pathogens compete for resources, damage host cells, and release toxins, leading to tissue injury and illness.
  • Immune Response: The host's immune system tries to recognize and eliminate the pathogen through various mechanisms.

Why is an infection important?

  • Global Health Burden: Infections are a major cause of death and illness worldwide, particularly in developing countries.
  • Chronic Conditions: Some infections can lead to chronic health problems, impacting quality of life (e.g., Hepatitis B).
  • Antimicrobial Resistance: The overuse of antibiotics and other antimicrobials has led to
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What is immunology?

Immunology is a fascinating field of study that delves into the intricate workings of the immune system, the body's defense network against infection, illness, and foreign invaders.

What are the main features of immunology?

  • Comprehensive Approach: Examines all aspects of the immune system, including its cellular and molecular components, their interactions, and their roles in health and disease.
  • Integration with Other Sciences: Immunology heavily relies on knowledge from biology, chemistry, microbiology, and genetics to understand the immune response.
  • Focus on Both Normal Function and Dysfunction: Studies how the immune system protects us under normal circumstances and how its malfunction can lead to allergies, autoimmune diseases, and immunodeficiency.

What are important sub-areas in immunology?

  • Innate Immunity: The body's first line of defense, consisting of physical barriers, immune cells like phagocytes, and inflammatory responses.
  • Adaptive Immunity: The more specific and targeted immune response developed over time through exposure to pathogens
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What is a virus?

A virus is a tiny, infectious agent that can only reproduce inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses are much smaller than bacteria and far simpler in structure. They lack the machinery needed to replicate on their own and rely on host cells to provide the necessary resources.

  • Viruses come in various shapes and sizes, but all share some common features:
    • Genetic material: They contain either DNA or RNA as their genetic material, but never both.
    • Protein capsid: A protective protein shell surrounds the genetic material.
    • (Some viruses also have an) Envelope: A membranous layer derived from the host cell surrounds the capsid in some viruses.

What are the main features of a virus?

  • Obligate parasites: Viruses cannot reproduce on their own. They invade host cells, hijack cellular machinery, and use it to produce new viral particles.
  • Specificity: Different viruses have specific host
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Belangrijke protozoa die ziekten veroorzaken: Parasitologie, levenscyclus en Pathologie

Overzicht belangrijkste protozoa die ziektes veroorzaken bij mensen.

Entamoeba Histolytica

  • Parasitologie: Deze parasieten hebben trophozoiten en cysten. Trophozoiten verblijven in het lumen of de wand van het colon, voeden zich door bacteriën en weefsel cellen en vermenigvuldigen snel in de anaerobe omgeving van de darm. Trophozoiten hebben granulaire vacuolen in het endoplasma, zijn sterk begrensd, hebben een helder ectoplasma met vingerachtige pseudopods en de kern bevat een karyosoom. Voordat ze de darm verlaten vormen ze eerst een cyste. Deze cysten bevatten 1 kern, glycogeen vacuole en 1 of meerdere sigaarvormige ribosomen ook wel chromatoide lichaampjes genoemd. Tijdens de volgroeiing ontstaan er 4 kernen. Cysten kunnen overleven in hoge temperaturen, chloor concentraties in water

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Belangrijke virussen die infecties veroorzaken: Epidemiologie en Pathogenese

Overzicht belangrijkste virussen die ziektes veroorzaken bij mensen. Samenvatting geschreven voor de coronauitbraak van 2019-2020

Influenzavirus

De meeste respiratoire ziekten worden veroorzaakt door virussen, zoals het influenzavirus en respiratoir syncytieel virus.

Het influenzavirus maakt deel uit van de orthomyxovirussen. Dit zijn enkelstrengse RNA virussen met een envelop. Ze kunnen worden onderverdeeld in type A, B of C afhankelijk van de verschillende ribonucleoproteïne antigenen. Vooral influenza A komt veel voor en vooral in epidemieën, heeft de grootste virulentie en ondergaat vaak antigen veranderingen. Influenza C komt het minst voor. Influenza heeft verschillende glycoproteïnen op de buitenkant van de envelop zoals hemagglutinine en neuraminidase. Hemagglutinine zorgt voor binding aan cellen van de

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Belangrijke bacteriësoorten die infecties veroorzaken: Bacteriologie en Pathogenese

Stafylococcen

Stafylococcen zijn Grampositieve coccen die in groepen of trossen bijeen gelegen zijn. Ze bezitten geen flagellae, zijn dus niet beweeglijk en kunnen geen sporen vormen. Ze groeien het best onder aerobe omstandigheden, maar groeien soms ook anaeroob. . In tegenstelling tot streptococcen produceren stafylococcen katalase. Meer dan een dozijn soorten stafylococcen koloniseren ons lichaam. De drie bekendste soorten zijn echter de S. aureus, de S. epidermidis en de S. saprophyticus. Wereldwijd is Staphylococcus aureus een van de meest voorkomende oorzaken van acute purulente infecties en onderscheidt het zich van de rest

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Immunology and infection: The best textbooks summarized

Immunology and infection: The best textbooks summarized

Summaries and study assistance with Immunology and Infection

  • For 5+ booksummaries for Immunology and Infection, see the supporting content of this study guide

Table of contents

  • Immunology for Medical Students van Nairn & Helbert
  • Infectious Diseases: Sherris Medical Microbiology van Ryan e.a.
  • Leerboek microbiologie en infectieziekten van Hoepelman e.a
  • Medische immunologie van Benner
  • Mims' Medical Microbiology van Goering, Dockrell e.a.
  • The Immune System van Parham

For available summaries, bulletpoints, practice exams and glossaries with Immunology and Infection, see the supporting content of this study guide.

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Behavioral conditioning of antihistamine effects in patients with allergic rhinitis - Goebel et al. (2008) - Artikel

Samenvatting bij het artikel: Behavioral conditioning of antihistamine effects in patients with allergic rhinitis - Goebel et al. (2008)

Uit eerder onderzoek is bekend dat allergische reacties opgeroepen kunnen worden door middel van klassieke conditionering. Er zit dus een psychologische component aan de allergische reactie. Hierbij dient een sensorische stimulus als geconditioneerde stimulus (CS) die geassocieerd wordt met het allergeen, de ongeconditioneerde stimulus (UCS). Na het conditioneringsproces treedt de immunologische reactie op wanneer de CS wordt aangeboden.

Het huidige onderzoek heeft als doel om te onderzoeken of de anti-allergische reactie eveneens geconditioneerd kan worden.

Methoden

30 participanten werden geïncludeerd via de afdeling Dermatologie van de Universiteit van Düsseldorf. De participanten kregen vooraf uitgebreide informatie waarin uitgelegd werd dat de studie gericht

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Check or search within topic: Immunology and Infection
Displaying 1 - 4 of 19
What is a virus?

A virus is a tiny, infectious agent that can only reproduce inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses are much smaller than bacteria and far simpler in structure. They lack the machinery needed to replicate on their own and rely on host cells to provide the necessary resources.

  • Viruse...

What is immunology?

Immunology is a fascinating field of study that delves into the intricate workings of the immune system, the body's defense network against infection, illness, and foreign invaders. What are the main features of immunology?

  • Comprehensive Approach: Examines all aspects of the immune sys...

What is an infection?

An infection occurs when a foreign organism (pathogen) like bacteria, virus, fungus, or parasite invades a host (human or animal) and disrupts normal bodily functions, causing disease. Here's a deeper dive: What are the main features of an infection?

  • Invasion and Colonization: Pathogens gai...

Samenvatting Introductie tot Psychoneuroimmunologie
  • H1: Introductie tot de Psychoneuroimmunologie
  • H2: Historische context
  • H3: Het immuunsysteem: de basis
  • H4: Endocrien-immuunmodulatie
  • H5: Neuro-immuunmodulatie
  • H6: Stress, contextuele veranderingen en ziekte
  • H7: Psychosociale stress: neur...

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Immunology and infection: The best textbooks summarized

Immunology and infection: The best textbooks summarized Summaries and study assistance with Immunology and Infection

  • For 5+ booksummaries for Immunology and Infection, see the supporting content of this study guide

Table of contents

  • Immunology for Medical Students van Na...

What is immunology?

Immunology is a fascinating field of study that delves into the intricate workings of the immune system, the body's defense network against infection, illness, and foreign invaders. What are the main features of immunology?

  • Comprehensive Approach: Examines all aspects of the immune sys...

What is an infection?

An infection occurs when a foreign organism (pathogen) like bacteria, virus, fungus, or parasite invades a host (human or animal) and disrupts normal bodily functions, causing disease. Here's a deeper dive: What are the main features of an infection?

  • Invasion and Colonization: Pathogens gai...

Spotlight: favorites

Spotlight summaries related to Immunology and Infection
Samenvatting Introductie tot Psychoneuroimmunologie
  • H1: Introductie tot de Psychoneuroimmunologie
  • H2: Historische context
  • H3: Het immuunsysteem: de basis
  • H4: Endocrien-immuunmodulatie
  • H5: Neuro-immuunmodulatie
  • H6: Stress, contextuele veranderingen en ziekte
  • H7: Psychosociale stress: neur...
What is immunology?

Immunology is a fascinating field of study that delves into the intricate workings of the immune system, the body's defense network against infection, illness, and foreign invaders. What are the main features of immunology?

  • Comprehensive Approach: Examines all aspects of the immune sys...

What is an infection?

An infection occurs when a foreign organism (pathogen) like bacteria, virus, fungus, or parasite invades a host (human or animal) and disrupts normal bodily functions, causing disease. Here's a deeper dive: What are the main features of an infection?

  • Invasion and Colonization: Pathogens gai...

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