Reading and studying scientific articles - Theme

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Reading and studying scientific articles

Tips and tools with the use of scientific papers and publications for study and knowlegde

What is a scientific article?

What is a scientific article?

A scientific article is a written report that describes the results of original research. It is typically published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal, which means that other scientists have reviewed the article and found it to be sound and meet the journal's quality standards.

For scholars accustomed to dissecting complex concepts, scientific articles hold a unique appeal. These concise reports encapsulate the essence of meticulous research, demanding a precise understanding for effective analysis.

Structure:

Scientific articles typically follow a standard structure, which includes

  • Abstract: A condensed summary of the entire article, outlining the research question, methods, key findings, and conclusions.
  • Introduction: Provides context, highlights existing knowledge, and defines the specific research gap addressed.
  • Methods: Details the experimental design, data collection procedures, and analytical tools used.
  • Results: Presents the raw data through figures, tables, and statistics, offering unbiased observations and measurements.
  • Discussion: Interprets the results, draws connections, acknowledges limitations, and compares them to previous research.
  • Conclusion: Summarizes key findings, highlighting the contribution to the field and potential future directions.

Analysis:

  • Evaluate the research question: Is it clear, relevant, and well-defined?
  • Assess the methodology: Was it appropriate, rigorous, and transparently described?
  • Scrutinize the results: Are they presented accurately and objectively?
  • Engage with the discussion: Are the interpretations valid, supported by evidence, and free from bias?
  • Consider the conclusion: Does it align with the findings and offer valuable insights?

Engagement:

  • Scientific articles invite critical thinking and facilitate informed evaluation of research.
  • They present opportunities to compare and contrast methodologies and interpretations.
  • By understanding their structure and purpose, scholars can contribute their own voice to the research narrative.
What are effective ways to find scientific articles?

What are effective ways to find scientific articles?

Here are some effective ways to find scientific articles.

Search engines and databases:

  • Google Scholar: This is a great starting point because it's free and indexes a vast amount of scholarly articles. You can search by keywords, titles, authors, and even filter by publication date and other criteria.
  • Science.gov: This U.S. government website allows you to search for scientific research funded by various federal agencies. It offers access to full-text documents, scientific data, and other resources.

Discipline-Specific Databases:

Many disciplines have specialized databases for finding relevant articles. Some examples include:

  • Life Sciences: PubMed Central (PMC), Web of Science, ScienceDirect
  • Physical Sciences: INSPEC, AIP Scitation, MathSciNet
  • Social Sciences: Social Science Citation Index (SSCI), PsycINFO, JSTOR
  • Humanities: MLA International Bibliography, Historical Abstracts, Philosopher's Index

Additional tips for effective searching:

  • Use keywords wisely: Focus on specific and relevant keywords related to your research topic. Consider synonyms, related terms, and variations in spelling to capture a broader range of articles.
  • Boolean operators: Utilize operators like "AND," "OR," and "NOT" to refine your search and narrow down results. This helps combine keywords and exclude irrelevant ones.
  • Filters: Many databases offer various filters to further refine your search, such as publication date, author affiliation, and article type (e.g., review article, research paper).

Accessing full-text articles:

  • Open access: Some journals publish their articles freely online. Look for articles labelled as "open access" or "OA" within your search results.
  • Library access: If you are affiliated with an academic institution, their library likely subscribes to numerous academic journals. You should be able to access the full text of many articles through your library website or database.
  • Interlibrary loan: If your library doesn't have access to a specific article, you can often request it through interlibrary loan, which allows borrowing from other libraries.
What is the abstract of a scientific article and how can you work with it?

What is the abstract of a scientific article and how can you work with it?

An abstract is a concise summary of a scientific article, typically between 150-250 words. It serves as a vital tool for academics, as it helps:

  • Readers decide whether the full article is relevant to their interests or research.
  • Researchers identify relevant articles during literature searches.
  • Databases index and categorize articles for efficient retrieval.
  • Authors condense their research findings and key points.

Structure and components

Abstracts often follow a structured format with specific sections:

  1. Background: Briefly explains the research context and the problem addressed.
  2. Methods: Describes the research approach, data collection, and analysis techniques.
  3. Results: Presents the key findings of the study in a clear and concise manner.
  4. Conclusions: Summarizes the main implications and contributions of the research.

Some journals may have additional sections or specific word limits.

Crafting a powerful abstract

Here are some tips for writing an effective abstract:

  • Start strong: Use a clear and concise sentence to grab the reader's attention.
  • Highlight the significance: Briefly explain why your research matters and its potential impact.
  • Focus on key findings: Present the most important results without going into excessive detail.
  • Use clear and concise language: Avoid jargon and abbreviations unfamiliar to your target audience.
  • Proofread carefully: Ensure clarity, accuracy, and adherence to word limits.

Related resources

SPOTLIGHT

Summaries: the best scientific articles summarized per field of study

Summaries: the best scientific articles summarized per field of study

The best scientific articles summarized per field of study

What are article summaries?

  • Article summaries are summaries of scientific articles that you will use during and after your studies

What are the best scientific articles summarized per field of study?

  • Read on for all article summaries
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Theme pages: for getting study results and preparing for exams

Theme pages: for getting study results and preparing for exams

Theme pages for getting study results and preparing for exams

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Reading and studying scientific articles - Theme
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Themes: main theme pages for summaries and study assistance

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SPOTLIGHT NL

Study Guide with scientific articles per college or institution in the Netherlands

Study Guide with scientific articles per college or institution in the Netherlands

Study Guide with scientific articles per college or institution

Summaries and study assistance with scientific articles per college or institution

  • scientific articles per college or institution in the following cities:
    • Groningen
    • Leiden
    • Utrecht
  • See the supporting content of this study guide
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Vaardigheden: samenvattingen, suggesties en tips van WorldSupporters over leren, studeren en tentamens halen

Vaardigheden: samenvattingen, suggesties en tips van WorldSupporters over leren, studeren en tentamens halen

Blogs en bijdragen over leren, studeren en tentamens halen

Handleiding Leren Studeren: handige tips & tricks

Handleiding Leren Studeren: handige tips & tricks

Inhoudsopgave

Klik op de verschillende hoofdstukken voor handige tips en tricks om het effectief studeren je eigen te maken.

Hoofdstuk 1 Inleiding

  • 1.1 Over deze handleiding
  • 1.2 Verschillende leerstijlen
  • 1.3 Leeswijzer

Hoofdstuk 2 Vakvoorbereiding

  • 2.1 Stappenplan
  • 2.2 Timemanagement
  • 2.3 Concentratie
  • 2.4 Motivatie
  • 2.5 Verschillende leerstijlen

Hoofdstuk 3 College volgen

  • 3.1 Hoorcolleges volgen
  • 3.2 Werkcolleges volgen
  • 3.3 Aantekeningen maken en actief deelnemen
  • 3.4 Presenteren

Hoofdstuk 4 Stof verwerken

  • 4.1 Een samenvatting maken
  • 4.2 Een uittreksel maken
  • 4.3 Effectief lezen
  • 4.4 Verschillende leerstijlen

Hoofdstuk 5 Tentamens maken

  • 5.1 Voorbereiden op
.......read more
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Tips bij het lezen en samenvatten van wetenschappelijke artikelen

Tips bij het lezen en samenvatten van wetenschappelijke artikelen

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Het is je vast wel eens overkomen. Je begint aan een nieuw vak tijdens je studie, leest de vakinformatie en ziet dan dat er alleen maar wetenschappelijke artikelen zijn voorgeschreven als literatuur. Maar hoe lees je nou deze artikelen? En wat moet je nou echt weten voor het tentamen? Hieronder geef ik jou wat tips over hoe je een wetenschappelijk artikel kan lezen en samenvatten. 

Tips bij het lezen en samenvatten van wetenschappelijke artikelen

Zelf vind ik het altijd fijn om eerst even kort te scannen wat voor kopjes er allemaal in het artikel aanwezig zijn. Dit zijn vaak standaard koppen zoals introductie, methode, resultaten en discussie en conclusie. Tijdens het samenvatten is het fijn om je artikel op te delen in deze koppen en per kopje een samenvatting te maken.

Introductie

De introductie van een artikel introduceert jou in het onderwerp van het artikel en beschrijft wat de onderzoeksvraag is. Schrijf alleen de kern op en zorg dat je altijd de volgende vragen beantwoord:

  • Waar gaat het onderzoek over?
  • Waarom is het relevant?
  • Wat zijn de hypotheses?
  • Wat zijn belangrijke begrippen en wat houden ze in?

Methode

De methode sectie is vaak erg uitgebreid en beschrijft de doelgroep van het artikel, de verschillende variabelen en meetinstrumenten, de procedures en de analyses die ze hebben uitgevoerd. Voor je tentamens hoef je deze sectie vaak niet zo uitgebreid te weten. Zorg dat je de volgende vragen kan beantwoorden:

  • Hoe ziet de sample eruit? (grootte, kinderen of volwassenen, beknopte achtergrond zoals SES als relevant)
  • Hoe ziet het design van het onderzoek er kort uit? (controle groepen, experimentele groepen en hoe verdeeld)
  • Welke variabelen worden onderzocht? (dit wordt vaak al geïntroduceerd in de introductie, maar in deze sectie verder uitgelegd. Je hoeft dit maar kort op te schrijven)

Resultaten

De resultaten kunnen soms onoverzichtelijk ogen, doordat er veel resultaten van verschillende analyses worden beschreven. Dit kan er voor zorgen dat je de kluts kwijt raakt. Probeer eerst naar de tabellen en grafieken te kijken of je daar in één oogopslag al wijzer uit wordt. Zo niet, dan kun je het beste de resultaten eerst even scannen en vervolgens het volgende kort opschrijven:

  • Beknopt de resultaten (staan vaak aan het begin of aan het eind van een alinea, significantie en richting van de relatie is belangrijk)

Is deze sectie lastig om te lezen? Sla de resultaten sectie dan over en ga alvast door naar de discussie. Na de discussie kun je weer terugkeren naar deze sectie.

Discussie en conclusie

In deze secties staan de resultaten vaak wat makkelijker uitgeschreven en worden verklaringen voor de bevindingen gegeven. Je kan dus meteen zien of je de resultaten goed geïnterpreteerd hebt of een duidelijker beeld krijgen van de resultaten. Zorg dat je de volgende vragen beantwoord:

  • Wat zijn de belangrijkste resultaten?
  • Werden de hypotheses bewezen of afgewezen? Wat zijn de verklaringen volgens de auteurs?
  • Wat was opvallend?
  • Wat zijn de belangrijkste limitaties van het onderzoek?

Ben je klaar met deze sectie? Super! Je hebt nu al een geheel artikel gelezen en samengevat. Zijn er secties geweest die je hebt overgeslagen? Probeer nu eens om deze stukken opnieuw te lezen en samen te vatten. Dat gaat nu vast beter!

De eerste paar keren is het altijd even wennen, maar hoe meer je oefent met het lezen van wetenschappelijke artikelen, hoe makkelijker het wordt. Blijf dus vooral oefenen! Heb je een vraag, tip of iets anders leuk te vertellen? Laat dan vooral een berichtje achter!

    Tips bij het maken en gebruiken van een planning

    Tips bij het maken en gebruiken van een planning

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    Je herkent het vast wel. Het is een zonnige zondagmiddag en je zit rustig na te denken over wat je allemaal gaat doen de komende week. In je hoofd begin je een lijst te maken: je hebt twee dagen studie, twee dagen werk, één borrelavond bij je vereniging, een deadline voor je essay, uiteten met je familie, lunch met die ene vriend(in) die je al drie weken aan het verzetten bent en je oma is ook nog jarig...
    Pfff, dat is wel een erg volle week. Je wilt niets verschuiven, maar ook een goede nachtrust hebben en niet de gehele dag druk bezig zijn. Er zit dus niks anders op: je moet gaan plannen. Maar waar moet je nou beginnen? En hoe gebruik je zo'n planning? Hieronder geef ik jou wat tips over het maken en gebruiken van een planning.

    Tips bij het maken en gebruiken van een planning

    Het maken en gebruiken van een planning is een vaardigheid die je kan aanleren en waar je mee moet oefenen. In het begin kan een planning maken en gebruiken veel tijd kosten, misschien zelfs teveel tijd voor je gevoel. Dit komt doordat je er nog niet gewend aan bent, waardoor je meer energie verbruikt. Naarmate je meer oefent, wordt het makkelijker. Echt waar! Daarnaast heb je met deze tips in maar 3 stappen een planning gemaakt!

    Planning maken

    Stap 1: Kies je tool en richtlijnen

    Allereerst beslis je welke tool jij gaat gebruiken voor het maken van een planning. Er bestaan ontzettend veel tools die jou kunnen helpen met plannen, denk aan BulletJournals, apps zoals GoodNotes of gewoonweg je agenda. Zelf maak ik gebruik van Google Calendar, maar kies vooral een tool die het beste bij jou past!

    Ook ga je nadenken over een aantal richtlijnen voor je planning. Deze richtlijnen zorgen ervoor dat jij je grenzen bewaakt en helpen jou in de volgende stappen verder met het maken van je planning. Probeer hierbij de volgende vragen te beantwoorden (schuingedrukt en in het blauw zijn voorbeeldantwoorden gegeven):

    • Hoeveel rustdagen, waarop je 0 - 1 uur werkt/studeert, wil jij per week hebben? minimaal 1, liefst op zondag
    • Hoeveel uur wil jij op een werk- of studiedag werken/studeren? 6 tot 8 uur, inclusief korte pauzes tussendoor
    • Op welk tijdstip en hoelang wil je ongeveer slapen om een goede nachtrust te hebben? rond 23:00 en ongeveer 8 uur slaap
    • Heb ik van mijzelf voldoende zelfdiscipline om een planning te volgen of moet ik rekening houden met eventuele uitloop? nee, ik ben snel afgeleid

    Stap 2: Vaste en losse afsprakenlijsten

    Daarna starten we meteen met het maken van twee lijsten: (1) de vaste afspakenlijst en (2) de losse afsprakenlijst. Onder de vaste afspaken-lijst vallen alle afspraken die op een vast tijdstip plaatsvinden en niet verplaatst kunnen worden, zoals de contacturen van je studie. Onder de losse afspraken-lijst vallen alle afspraken die niet gebonden zijn aan bepaalde tijdstippen en/of wel verplaatst kunnen worden. Je schrijft ook meteen de (verwachte) duur van een afspraak op en eventueel op welke tijdstippen deze plaatsvinden.

    Als we het voorbeeld van de introductie hierboven nemen, kunnen we alle afspraken als volgt onderverdelen:

    1. Vaste afsprakenlijst

    • Twee dagen studie: op maandag van 09:00 - 15:00 en op woensdag van 11:00 - 17:00)
    • Twee dagen werk: op donderdag van 10:00 - 16:00 en op zaterdag 15:00 - 21:00)
    • Schrijven essay: deadline op zondag om 23:59 (verwachte tijdsduur: 10 uur)
    • Verjaardag oma: op zondag (verwachte tijdsduur: nog zelf te bepalen)

    2. Losse afsprakenlijst

    • Borrelavond vereniging: op dinsdag vanaf 22:00
    • Uiteten familie: op vrijdag om 18:00 (verwachte tijdsduur: 4 uur)
    • Lunch met vriend(in): op dinsdag om 13:00 (verwachte tijdsduur: 3 uur)

    Let op: voor iedereen zien deze lijsten er anders uit. Ik heb bijvoorbeeld de vaste borrelavond van mijn vereniging onder losse afspraken gezet, omdat ik altijd een borrel kan overslaan. Als je dat niet kan, zou je de borrelavond onder vaste afspraken kunnen schalen. Maar wees kritisch! 

    Stap 3: Lijsten visualiseren

    De volgende stap is het invullen van al je afspraken in je tool/agenda. Hierbij maak je een eerste opzet, waarin je probeert zoveel mogelijk afspraken in te vullen. Alle afspraken waarvan je nog niet zeker bent wanneer je deze gaat uitvoeren, laat je in deze opzet nog even weg. Zie figuur 1 voor een voorbeeld van hoe dit er uit kan zien.

    Tip: Het kan je helpen om je verschillende afspraken ook verschillende kleuren te geven, zodat je in één oogopslag ziet wat iets is. Welke kleuren je wat geeft, is helemaal aan jou!

    Figuur 1
    Voorbeeld visualisering lijsten opzet

     

    Je ziet dat ik een aantal afspraken nog niet (precies) heb ingevuld, namelijk het schrijven van de essay en de verjaardag van je oma. Het moment waarop jij deze afspraken wilt uitvoeren is namelijk compleet afhankelijk van hoe jij je week verder wilt indelen. Gebruik hiervoor de richtlijnen die je in stap 1 hebt gemaakt! Zie figuur 2 voor een voorbeeld van een definitieve planning.

    Let op: Het lijkt in de eerste opzet misschien alsof je zeeën van tijd hebt, maar houd in je achterhoofd dat je na 6 uur studeren of werken waarschijnlijk helemaal uitgeblust bent en behoefte hebt aan rust. Ook als je niet het gevoel hebt dat je uitgeblust bent, is het nog steeds belangrijk om dagelijks je rust te pakken! Deze rust kun je terugvinden in je hobby's, eten maken of gewoon even lekker niksen.

    Figuur 2 
    Voorbeeld visualisering lijsten definitieve versie

    In de definitieve versie van de planning zie je dat ik de rustdag heb toegevoegd, rekening heb gehouden met de richtlijnen uit stap 1 en zelfs nog een extra afspraak op dinsdagavond heb toegevoegd. Op deze manier heb je van een drukke week een overzichtelijke week gemaakt, waarin je voldoende, dagelijkse rustmomentjes hebt en ook voldoende kan studeren. Win-win situatie!

    Planning gebruiken

    Nadat je een planning hebt gemaakt, is het tijd om deze dan ook echt te gebruiken. Dat is soms makkelijker gezegd dan gedaan. Hieronder geef ik wat voorbeelden en tips bij het gebruiken van je planning:

    • Je kan soms snel afgeleid worden door medestudenten en/of je telefoon, waardoor je het daadwerkelijke studeren uitstelt. Gelukkig zijn er ontzettend veel tools die jou hierbij kunnen helpen. Denk aan de vliegtuigmodus op je telefoon of apps die alle meldingen uit kunnen zetten terwijl je studeert. Kies een tool waarvan jij denkt dat het werkt! 
    • Als je lange periodes achter elkaar studeert, zie je soms door de bomen het bos niet meer en raak je vermoeid. Neem dus voldoende (korte) pauzes tijdens het studeren. Je kan hiervoor de pomodoro techniek gebruiken, waarbij je 25 minuten aan studeren afwisselt met 5 minuten pauze en na in totaal 4 keer 25 minuten studeren een langere pauze van 15 tot 30 minuten neemt. Ik gebruik een andere methode, waarbij ik elk uur 5 minuten even helemaal niks doe. Ik kijk dan vaak uit het raam of naar het plafond om mijn gedachtes helemaal leeg te maken (ookwel lummelen).
    • Soms lukt het simpelweg niet om je planning te volgen. Dat geeft niet! Het kan gebeuren dat je door onverwachte gebeurtenissen toch niet helemaal uitkomt met je tijd. Kijk dan welke afspraak je kan verzetten, zodat je wat meer tijd hebt voor die vaste afspraken. Kom je er nou echt niet uit? Vraag dan of een vriend(in), familielid of huisgenoot je kan helpen. Een vers paar ogen kan soms ook ontzettend helpen!

    Heb jij zelf ook nog tips voor het maken en gebruiken van een planning? Laat het dan vooral weten door een reactie hieronder te plaatsen!

    Checklist: Theorie stampen en toepassen

    Checklist: Theorie stampen en toepassen

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    Tijdens je studie en je werk wordt je gevraagd om andermans ideeën in te zetten om onder meer informatie te structureren, problemen te analyseren, nieuwe ideeën te genereren en kritisch te blijven denken. Dat kan best overweldigend zijn, zeker als je gevraagd wordt dat te doen in papers, presentaties en podcasts, of debatten op de werkvloer of in je werkgroep.

    Om jezelf theoretische stromingen en invloedrijke ideeën eigen te maken kan het helpen om jezelf vragen te stellen zoals:

    Checklist bij het kennismaken met theoretische stromingen en invloedrijke ideeën

    • Wat is het centrale idee van deze stroming? Wat wil deze stroming verklaren of begrijpen?

    • Welke personen, denkers en wetenschappers worden geassocieerd met deze stroming? Wanneer leven ze?

    • Wat zijn de belangrijkste argumenten om de ideeën te onderbouwen? Wat is daarbij de argumentenstructuur?

    • Welke begrippen zijn cruciaal voor deze stroming? Welke termen worden vaak gebruikt en wat betekenen ze?

    • Wat zijn concrete en aansprekende voorbeelden? Welke abstracte begrippen en ideeën kunnen worden verduidelijkt met voorbeelden uit de praktijk?

    • Wat zijn de belangrijkste bronnen? Welke boeken, artikelen, stukken en naslagwerken kan je associëren met deze stroming?

    • Welke kritiek is er op deze stroming? Wat zijn de zwakke punten of tegenargumenten?

    Checklist om dieper te gaan

    • Hoe past deze stroming in een breder kader? Hoe verhoudt ze zich tot andere theorieën, wereldbeelden of vakgebieden?

    • Welke aannames liggen ten grondslag aan deze stroming? Waar gaat men van uit?

    • Hoe is deze stroming in de loop der tijd veranderd? Zijn er nieuwe ontwikkelingen geweest?

    • Welke methoden gebruikt deze stroming om tot kennis te komen? Hoe onderzoekt men de onderwerpen?

    • Welke empirische bewijzen zijn er voor deze stroming? Wordt de theorie ondersteund door feiten?

    • Welke praktische gevolgen hebben deze stromingen? Hoe kunnen we deze theorieën toepassen in de praktijk?

    • Welke vragen blijven onbeantwoord binnen deze stroming? Wat zijn de openstaande kwesties?

    • Welke argumenten vind ik overtuigend en waarom?

    Checklist bij het vergelijken van theoretische stromingen

    • Wat zijn de overeenkomsten tussen deze stromingen? Welke aspecten hebben ze gemeen?

    • Wat zijn de verschillen tussen deze stromingen? Op welke punten lopen ze uiteen?

    Samenvatting: Taaltopics Argumenteren

    Samenvatting: Taaltopics Argumenteren

    1. Belangrijke begrippen bij argumenteren

    In dit eerste hoofdstuk van het boek Taaltopics: Argumenteren worden de belangrijkste begrippen met betrekking tot argumenteren uitgelegd.

    Definitie argumentatie

    Argumentatie is een samenstel van uitspraken waarbij een of meer uitspraken ter ondersteuning van een andere uitspraak (het standpunt) naar voren worden gebracht met het kennelijke doel anderen van dat standpunt te overtuigen.

    (C. Braas, E. van der Geest en A. de Schepper (derde druk, 2006), Taaltopics. Argumenteren (Wolters-Noordhoff, Groningen – Houten), p. 16)

    De gerichtheid op anderen is bij deze definitie een essentieel onderdeel. Je probeert anderen ergens van te overtuigen. Dit is gelukt wanneer de ander zwijgt, geen tegenargumenten geeft en geen kritische vragen stelt.

    Er valt onderscheid te maken tussen twee soorten uitspraken: standpunten en argumenten. Een standpunt is een uitspraak waarbij je de ander van de waarheid probeert te overtuigen. Standpunten hoeven niet subjectief te zijn. Een feitelijke uitspraak kan ook een standpunt zijn, mits deze door de ander betwist wordt. Een argument is een uitspraak waarmee je het standpunt onderbouwt. Een standpunt en een argument of meerdere argumenten samen wordt argumentatie genoemd.

    Bij argumentatie horen ook redeneringen. Dit zijn uitspraken die de standpunten en argumenten aan elkaar koppelen. Ze liggen als het ware ten grondslag aan de argumentatie. Een argument plus een verbindende uitspraak leidt tot een bepaalde conclusie. Vaak worden redeneringen echter niet uitgesproken (of opgeschreven).

    In het volgende voorbeeld wordt duidelijk wat een redenering is:

    Volgens mij kan je beter geen magnetronmaaltijden eten (standpunt). In een test van Radar werd laatst aangetoond dat deze erg ongezond zijn (argument). Als Radar voeding als ongezond beoordeelt, dan kan je het maar beter niet eten (verbindende uitspraak).

    Het komt ook voor dat het argument of het standpunt wordt weggelaten in de argumentatie. Dit is mogelijk wanneer het publiek het weggelaten gedeelte in gedachten kan aanvullen.

    Soorten argumentatie

    Een betoog bestaat uit een combinatie van argumenten. Deze combinatie kent meestal een bepaalde structuur: enkelvoudig, meervoudig, nevenschikkend, of onderschikkend.

    Enkelvoudig: Er is sprake van een standpunt en een argument.

    argument standpunt

    Meervoudig: Het standpunt wordt onderbouwd met meerdere argumenten. Door meerdere argumenten in te brengen, zal je een ander beter kunnen overtuigen. Hierbij moet je uitkijken dat je alle argumenten niet in één keer geeft. Dit komt ongeloofwaardig over. Bovendien is het beter om een aantal argumenten achter de hand te houden.

    argument 1

    argument 2 standpunt

    argument 3

    Nevenschikkend: Hierbij is er geen sprake van één of meerdere argumenten, maar van deelargumenten. Een deelargument is op.....read more

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    Thema's: voor samenvattingen en studiehulp

    Thema's: voor samenvattingen en studiehulp

    Themapagina's voor samenvattingen en studiehulp per studie en vakgebied in het Nederlands

    Arresten en jurisprudentie: uittreksels en studiehulp - Thema
    Bedrijfskunde en economie - Thema
    Geneeskunde en Gezondheidszorg - Thema
    Pedagogiek en onderwijskunde - Thema
    Psychologie en gedrag - Thema
    Recht en bestuur - Thema
    Samenvattingen en studiehulp - Start
    Statistiek en onderzoek - Thema
    Using summaries, textbooks and study books - Theme

    EXPLAINED

    WorldSupporter FAQ: how to WorldSupporter, join and sign up?

    WorldSupporter FAQ: how to WorldSupporter, join and sign up?

    Joining JoHo WorldSupporter and using the tools and services on JoHo WorldSupporter

    WorldSupporter: what is JoHo WorldSupporter, how to join and how to contribute?

    WorldSupporter: what is JoHo WorldSupporter, how to join and how to contribute?

    What is 'WorldSupporter'?

    • JoHo WorldSupporter is the online platform where individuals and organizations inspire and help each other on a local and global level
    • You can share and find everything you need to help another, travel responsibly, study well, develop yourself and work for an organization that creates a better world
    • You can gain knowledge, share experiences, answer questions, post comments and publish your own WorldSupporter resume
    • You can share your summaries, photos, blogs, journals, events, sustainable recipes and tips with others
    • You can create and share study materials with WorldSupporters from countries that lack access to educational resources,
    • You can share learning materials that can be used by volunteers helping out in schools around the world.
    • You can work with WorldSupporters from over 150 countries to help make the world around you a better and more tolerant place.

    What is a 'WorldSupporter account and Profile'?

    • A WorldSupporter account can be created in minutes and is linked to your Personal WorldSupporter profile.
    • Your WorldSupporter profile:
      • acts as your own platform for all the content you create or collect on WorldSupporter,
      • shows all content recently created by the organizations, groups and individuals you personally follow,
      • shows what you contribute to the world around you.

    What do you need to do to join, register and get started?

    • to use WorldSupporter for free, you can create an acoount and follow your favorite subject or supporters
    • to support and use WorldSupporter: go to www JoHo.org, and join as a JoHo WorldSupporter member.
    • to use all summaries: go to go to www JoHo.org and join JoHo WorldSupporter Member with full online access to all summaries and content
    • for a profile on WorldSupporter: go to the login page page or use the 'sign in' link in the menu
    • for login: go to the login page to log in or use the 'sign in' link in the menu, visible on every page

    Join JoHo WorldSupporter >>

     

    WorldSupporter: what is the JoHo WorldSupporter mission, vision and concept?

    WorldSupporter: what is the JoHo WorldSupporter mission, vision and concept?

     

    What is the JoHo mission, vision and concept?

    Mission & Vision

    • JoHo wants to enable people and organizations to develop and collaborate better, thereby contributing to a tolerant, tolerant and sustainable world.
    • Support is provided for personal development and international collaboration is stimulated via online platforms and physical support centers.

    Concept

    • As a JoHo donor, subscriber or insured you support the objectives of JoHo. JoHo then supports you with tools, coaching and benefits in the field of personal development and international activities.
    • JoHo's core services are: study assistance, competence development, coaching and insurance mediation when you leave abroad.

    What is the JoHo target group?

    Core target groups

    • Travelers, volunteers, workers, emigrants, and everyone involved in the world around them.
    • Young people, students, interns, and anyone who wants to develop themselves further.
    • Projects, initiatives and organizations that are committed to international cooperation.

    What are the core JoHo themes?

    • Personal development: Learning, Studying, Working, Applying, Entrepreneurship, Initiating.
    • International cooperation: Help, Travel, Arrange, Emigrate, Immigrate & Inspire.

    How can JoHo support you?

    • In addition to the support you can provide to JoHo, JoHo supports you with tools, decision aid, advice and discounts on articles, insurance, travel, activities, training, facilities, summaries and media use.

    How can you support JoHo?

    • By using the JoHo products and services you automatically support the goals of JoHo.
    • You can also join JoHo online or in the support center as a donor or subscriber
    • JoHo donors make it possible for JoHo to have been committed to successful projects in the field of development cooperation, knowledge sharing and talent development for years. Anyone who supports JoHo can also contribute to the projects and make use of knowledge, decision aid and discounts.

    What have JoHo and JoHo donors already achieved?

    What does the World of JoHo consist of?

    • JoHo WorldSupporter: The JoHo platform for those who also want to do something for others, an online community and marketplace for global citizens, volunteers and involved companies.
    • JoHo Insurances: The JoHo platform for all your insurance, security measures, visa matters, vaccinations & arrangements for short and long stays abroad.
    • JoHo Memberships: The JoHo platform for personal development with tools for study, internship, work, travel and emigration.
    • JoHo Partnerships: The JoHo platform where organizations are enabled to bring their projects, activities and vacancies to the attention of a target group that wants to mean something for the world around them.

    How can you use JoHo?

    • You can explore the World of JoHo through JoHo support centers, the online platforms and the events.
    • Visit a JoHo World Experience Center, make an online discovery trip, visit JoHo at an event, or contact us by phone.
    • Read about cooperation with and services of JoHo

    What is the meaning of the term JoHo?

    • The term JoHo has had multiple meanings over the years. Today, reference is made to a more than 2,000-year-old quote from Ashoka. On the banks of the Ganges, the Indian visionary and ruler Ashoka tried to convince his people that all peoples on earth are equal and can learn from each other: "Life is a Journey to Open-mindedness, Helpfulness and Optimism."
    WorldSupporter: what is the choice in memberships, and what kind of online access is available?

    WorldSupporter: what is the choice in memberships, and what kind of online access is available?

    Image

    What forms of registration are possible and what kind of online access is available:

    1  - Create a free WorldSupporter Profile.

    2 - Join as a JoHo WorldSupporter member with basic services

    • You can join WorldSupporter as a JoHo member to get access to basic services
      • you can add messages and comments to help other supporters and get notifications
      • you can access all content with the access level 'Member'
      • you can request to contribute and add content
      • you will be able to save and collect content made by other supporters
      • you will be able to follow other supporters
      • you will have access to all content with the access level 'WorldSupporters members', that is uploaded and made by other Supporters
      • you are a valued donor who makes an additional contribution to JoHo WorldSupporter
    • Join as WorldSupporter member >>

    3 - Join as a JoHo WorldSupporter member with extra services and online access

    WorldSupporter: what to do to get full online access for summaries and services on JoHo WorldSupporter.org?

    WorldSupporter: what to do to get full online access for summaries and services on JoHo WorldSupporter.org?

    Image

    How can you use JoHo WorldSupporter?

    1. You can create a free account and follow your favorite subject or supporters (without extra services or online access to exclusives)
    2. You can join as WorldSupporter member to get access to basic services (without extra services or online access to exclusives)
    3. You can join as WorldSupporter member with extra services and online access to extra services and online access to exclusives: see also below

    How do you get full online access to all summaries and exclusives on JoHo WorldSupporter.org?

    • Procedure:

      • 1 - Go to JoHo.org/en/joinjoho, and join JoHo WorldSupporter by choosing a membership with online access
      • 2 - Return to WorldSupporter.org and create an account with the same email address
      • 3 - State your JoHo WorldSupporter Membership during the creation of your account
      • 4 - Choose your favorite study, student organization or topic during the creation of your account
    • Start using the services:

      • You have online access to all free + all exclusive summaries and study notes on WorldSupporter.org and JoHo.org
      • You can use all services on JoHo WorldSupporter.org
      • You can make use of the tools for work abroad, long journeys, voluntary work, internships and study abroad

    Already an account?

    • In case you have previously created a WorldSupporter account then, after registering with JoHo, you can change your status on your WorldSupporter account to membership with full online access. Edit your account and see under 'Profile' for the change.
    • Note: Again, you must have used the same email address.

    Become JoHo WorldSupporter member >>

     

    WorldSupporter: what to do to register as a JoHo member and use WorldSupporter?

    WorldSupporter: what to do to register as a JoHo member and use WorldSupporter?

    When you support JoHo...

    by joining as a JoHo member

    • By joining JoHo as a member, you support JoHo in all its activities in the areas of international cooperation and talent development
    • You can become a JoHo member by contributing €5.00 per calendar year

    through the purchase of JoHo subscription services

    • You can obtain JoHo subscription services for €10, €15,00 or €20.00 per calendar year for extra services and discounts

    by taking out (travel or health) insurance

    • By applying for a travel or health insurance via JoHo you do not only support JoHo, but also yourself
    • You pay less premium and you are able to use the services and discounts of a JoHo subscription for free 

    ....then JoHo will support you...

    with choice assistance & advice

    • concerning work, travel, study, inspiration and emigration

    with organization profiles & vacancies

    • for full time jobs, part time jobs, volunteer work, internships, and work experience positions at home or abroad

    with summaries & study support

    • such as printed and online study books, textbooks, professional literature, exams & practice questions, lecture notes, terms and readers

    with discounts on items & gifts

    • concerning travel, study, work, inspiration and emigration

    with discounts on activities & projects

    • such as air travel, holidays, volunteer work, language courses, and travelling 

    with discounts on insurances & advice

    • such as emigration insurances, travel insurances, and health insurances

    ...and together we support worldsupporters and projects

    • with personal development via worldsupporter.org and online tools
    • with international collaborations via projects in Africa, Asia, and South America
    • with bringing organizations and individuals into contact with each other to make each other stronger, more aware, and to inspire one another

    How do you receive free subscription services when insured via JoHo?

    • Are you a member and do you take out a yearly continuous insurance via JoHo? Then you are able to use the services and discounts of the JoHo subscription for free
    • How does it work? Become a JoHo member and apply for your travel or health insurance  via JoHo. As a JoHo member you will receive the benefits of the JoHo subscription

    How to choose and purchase a JoHo subscription services

    Purchasing JoHo subscription services

    • JoHo members can choose to purchase a subscription for choice assistance, advice, discounts, or extra support for JoHo
    • If you want to purchase subscription services, you are able to do so with the same form as the one to become a JoHo member
    • If you already are a JoHo member and want to change to, or add, a subscription, please fill out form for changing your membership

    How does registering, logging in & creating a password work

    • As a new JoHo member you automatically receive an online account at joho.org, which you can activate with a link that you will receive in your mailbox

    Read more at

    Are you able to become a member without an IBAN/SEPA bank account?

    • If you don't have an IBAN (international bank account number) with SEPA, but you still want to use membership services or support JoHo's projects and initiatives, including Smokey Tours, take a look at the page about International services

    What are the rules and guidelines?

    What is your JoHo number?

    • You can find your JoHo number at your My JoHo page as soon as you are logged in at joho.org
    • You need your JoHo number, for example, for obtaining the discounts on insurances, summaries, and at partner organisations
    • Have you lost your JoHo number? Please contact JoHo via the online contact forms or log in at joho.org and you will find your JoHo number at your account page on JoHo.org

     

    Join & Register (via JoHo.org)

    WorldSupporter: what to do to cooperate and connect with JoHo WorldSupporter as an organization?

    WorldSupporter: what to do to cooperate and connect with JoHo WorldSupporter as an organization?

    Cooperating with JoHo: supporting JoHo

    Barterdeals

    • With a lot of organizations JoHo cooperates on a barter deal basis. This is a type of partnership where none of the two organizations pays or charges fees, or where lowest possibile fees are calculated
    • Starting-point within these kind of deals is that organizations work cost neutral and organizations exchange equally: advertorial-advertorial, banner-banner, flyer-flyer, etc

    Sponsoring

    • Organizations can sponsor JoHo initiatives like World Supporter and The World Summary Bank
    • Organizations can sponsor JoHo partner initiatives like Smokey Projects

    Subsidy requests

    • JoHo is a non-profit organization with limited usage of subsidy facilities
    • JoHo is always willing to have a look at joint subsidy requests, as long as there is a focus on talent development and international cooperation

    Link exchange

    • Link exchanges are possible, JoHo has a special link exchange page
    • Most of all links are being exchanged with organizations offering a special value or discount for JoHo members

    Media and JoHo logos

    • Are you thinking about supporting JoHo and promoting JoHo among your clients or visitors?
    • Please use JoHo logos, banners and texts of JoHo's media page

    Interested?

    Cooperating with JoHo: being supported by JoHo

    Foundations & Social Enterprises

    • If you run a foundation and/or social enterprise, please make use of JoHo's free Barter Membership system
    • Under this system, fees and costs have been reduced considerably to facilitate a lot of smaller (and sometimes bigger) colleague organizations making use of The World of JoHo
    • With a free Barter Membership also organizations with smaller budgets can profit from exposure in JoHo channels and JoHo facilities
    • Channels and facilities are being offered at, or sometimes even under, cost price

    Projects aimed at International Development

    • If you run an international development project or business, please make use of JoHo's Barter Membership system and/or use JoHo's fee World Supporter platform
    • Are you an individual JoHo member? You can support your favorite international aid project through your membership, by transering facilities and services of your membership to this organization

    Media

    • With several media JoHo partners on a barterdeal basis. This is a type of partnership where none of the two organizations pays or charges fees, or where lowest possible fees are calculated
    • Starting-point within these kind of deals is that organizations work cost neutral and organizations exchange equally: advertorial-advertorial, banner-banner, flyer-flyer, etc

    Student organizations

    • Do you run or participate in a student organization? Please make use of JoHo's Barter Membership system to promote your organization in JoHo channels
    • Or contact cooperation@joho.org with your business proposition

    Interested?

    Cooperating with JoHo: insurances through JoHo

    JoHo & Insurance cooperation

    Comprehensive product range

    • JoHo is one of the few organizations where you can directly purchase a comprehensive range of foreign insurances from a variety of insurers. As with our other products and services, we believe that you should be able to choose between the best, the most cost effective and the most specialized insurance

    Combinations possible

    • JoHo offers various possibilities from combining insurances to assisting in transferring from one insurer to another

    No price difference

    • When you purchase an insurance policy through JoHo, you will not pay anymore than if you had purchased it directly from the insurer. Sometimes (through special collective agreements) you will pay even less

    Extra support

    • JoHo offers support with problems that may arise with the insurer. Sometimes disagreement with claims, cancellation notice or insurance premiums can occur. In this situation it helps if you have the assistance of an organization who has an established relationship with the insurer

    Experience:

    • JoHo Insurances have been working with international health insurance providers since many years

    Options

    Insurances for travellers, intern, volunteering or working holidays abroad

    • If you run an organization and are looking for an opportunity to insure yourself, your colleagues or your clients properly, you can benefit through JoHo from 'expertise', 'discount' or 'fee' advantages

    Insurances for working and living abroad

    • If you run an organization and are looking for an opportunity to insure yourself, your colleagues or your clients properly, you can get free advice and/or make use of JoHo's expatservice

    Interested?

    Cooperating with JoHo: benefits from JoHo's World Supporter platform

    WorldSupporter

    • The tool for anyone who wants tot share experiences with his or her friends
    • The platform for anyone who wants to inspire other global and involved Supporters and World Supporting organizations

    Using WorldSupporter

    • If you run a project aimed at talent development or international cooperation, please use the WorldSupporter platform to get free attention and exposure
    • If you work for an organization involved in mediation for volunteer projects or internships you can profile your activities on the WorldSupporter platform
    • If you joined an internship or volunteer organization as a client and want to support your organization, you can promote them by starting an Experience magazine, blogging, sharing photos, videos, vacancies, etc. Promote your organization for free, and inspire others!

    Interested?

    WorldSupporter: what to do to solve and prevent a problem with your account, login, online access or password

    WorldSupporter: what to do to solve and prevent a problem with your account, login, online access or password

      No account on WorldSupporter.org?

      • Your account and login on WorldSupporter.org is separate from your account on JoHo.org due to digital security and the different roles of both websites.
      • With your account on WorldSupporter.org you can also create your own content and put it on the website. With your account on JoHo.org you have insight into your subscriptions, memberships and insurances.
      • Go to the create account page: 'Join WorldSupporter', where you can create an account and profile for WorldSupporter.org.

      Not able to fill in all required fields by creating an account on WorldSupporter.org?

      To create an account on WorldSupporter you have to fill in following required fields:

      • Username
        • Spaces are allowed; punctuation is not allowed except for periods, hyphens, apostrophes, and underscores.
      • E-mail Address:
        • use an existing e-mail address,
        • for access to content for JoHo members and exclusives you need to use the same e-mail adress as when you registered on JoHo.org
      • First Name:
        • same rules as for your username
      • Last name:
        • same rules as for your username
      • Are you a JoHo WorldSupporter Member?:
        • When you are not a JoHo member, you select: "I am not a JoHo WorldSupporter member yet"
        • When you are a JoHo member (donateur), you select: "I am a JoHo WorldSupporter member without extra services"
        • When you are a JoHo member with extra services (abonnee), you select: "I am a JoHo WorldSupporter member with extra services and online access"
        • When you don not know which membership you have:  go to www.JoHo.org, log in and check on you account page you will see which membership is mentioned (or check the confirmation e-mail, which is sent after you filled in the membership form on joho.org)
      • WorldSupportership!:
        • Fill in at least one activity in the field of helping out another or your surroundings
      • Profile Picture:
        • Upload your profile picture :
          • files must be less than 2 MB.
          • Allowed file types: png, jpg, jpeg.
        • crop your picture (adjust within the margin)
        • save your picture
      • Follow content of your favorite subject or organization on your own profile:
        • Select your favorite subject or organization to follow on your profile by typing the name of the country, topic or organization of your choice
        • Examples include your student organization, your working field or your country of interest.
        • Use only 1 subject or organisation!
      • Privacy:
        • choose who can see your profile and account page
      • Create new account (button):
        • Click to save and go the confirmation e-mail to activate your account with the confirmation link

      Not able to create your account with an error message?

      • Are you already a JoHo member (donor or subscriber): then use the same e-mail address as when you registered at JoHo.org (you also use that e-mail address for logging into joho.org).
      • Do you get the message that the e-mail address is already in use: then use the 'forgot password' option to regain access to your account.
      • Switch browsers or devices. If it doesn't work in another browser either, try again later or contact JoHo WorldSupporter

      Not activated your account on WorldSupporter.org?

      • After you create an account on WorldSupporter.org by filling in the form and pushing the 'create account' button, you receive e-mail for the necessary confirmation link
      • By clicking this link or copying and pasting it to your browser you log in once and will lead you to visit a page where you can set your password.
      • After setting your password, you will be able to log in at https://www.worldsupporter.org/user
      • After you logged in for the first time, you can complete your account and profile page

      Not able to login?

      • Go to the login page to log in, or use the "log in" link at the top right of the menu, visible on every page.
      • Instead of your username, you can also login with your e-mail address.

      Not able to log in after you receive and use the confirmation link?

      • Go to the login page to log in, or use the "log in" link at the top right of the menu, visible on every page.
      • Choose 'request new password'.
      • You will then receive a link that allows you to log in and be redirected directly to a page where you need to set a new password.
      • If this does not work out you can contact JoHo WorldSupporter

      Not able to remember, set or use your password?

      • Instead of your username, you can also login with your e-mail address.
      • Forgot your password? Click on the 'Log in' link at the top right of any page and choose 'request new password'.
      • You will then receive a link that allows you to log in and be redirected directly to a page where you need to set a new password..
      • Please enter a new password immediately, the link you receive is only valid for 1 day
      • Please note that your password is case sensitive, so please check that Caps Lock is on or off.
      • If the problems with your password persist, try logging in with another browser (e.g. Firefox or Chrome etc, depending on what you have already tried, ) and/or disable your password manager function if you are using it.
      • In an exceptional case, a maintenance activity may have taken place, try again later or contact WorldSupporter

      Being able to log in, but still not able to read all exclusive content or summaries?

      • Make sure you are a JoHo member with extra service and online access
        • As a member without extra services (<10 euro yearly) you will not have be able to read exclusive content
        • If you want to upgrade your membership  (10 euro yearly or more) to read exclusive content access  you can: change your membership
        • If you are not a member yet, you can: become a member
      • Make sure you selected the right access on your WorldSupporter account
        • go to your account (profile) page
        • press the "Edit profile' button
        • go to 'Profile'
        • go to the field 'Are you a JoHo WorldSupporter Member?
          • choose the right access : 'JoHo WorldSupporter member with full online access'
        • press the button 'Save' at the end of you page
      • If this does not work out you can contact JoHo WorldSupporter

      Access to all shared materials, but suddenly no longer?

      • If you suddenly lost access to shared materials that you previously had access to, one of the following situations may apply:
        • The e-mail address of your WorldSupporter account is not the same as that of your member registration.
        • The direct debit for your membership has failed.
        • A supporter has chosen to set the access level of the shared material to 'JoHo WorldSupporter member with full access' and you are not yet a 'JoHo WorldSupporter member with full online access'.
      • To indicate that you wish to register a second email address with your JoHo membership, please log in to joho.org and fill in the form for adjustments on JoHo.org
      • If a direct debit has failed, you will be contacted by JoHo WorldSupporter, please check your spam folder to see if you have missed a message.
      • Make sure you are a JoHo member with extra service and online access and that you selected the right access on your WorldSupporter account
      • If you continue to experience problems, please contact WorldSupporter, stating the specific pages you want to use and, if possible, the error message you receive.

      No access the private or public content?

      • Private content is visible for you (the author) in the 'My Collection' section of your personal user page only and is great for drafts or notes to yourself
        • If you have trouble accessing your private content, you can check whether you are logged in at the top right of JoHo WorldSupporter. If you are not yet logged in, you can try to log in and visit your private content again
        • If you have trouble accessing your private content once you are logged in, you can contact JoHo WorldSupporter via the contact form with a description of the page you want to visit
      • Public content is visible for all visitors of WorldSupporter
        • If you have trouble accessing public content, you can check your internet connection. If your internet connection is down, you can try to visit the page later, with a better internet connection.
        • If you have trouble accessing public content with a working internet connection, you can check the access level of the page you try to visit. Authors can change the access level of their content
        • If you keep experiencing problems with accessing the public content, please contact JoHo WorldSupporter via the contact form with a description of the page you want to visit
      WorldSupporter FAQ: questions and answers about summaries on WorldSupporter.org

      WorldSupporter FAQ: questions and answers about summaries on WorldSupporter.org

      How to join JoHo WorldSupporter, and how to use summaries and study notes on JoHo WorldSupporter.org?

      WorldSupporter: what to do to get full online access for summaries and services on JoHo WorldSupporter.org?

      WorldSupporter: what to do to get full online access for summaries and services on JoHo WorldSupporter.org?

      Image

      How can you use JoHo WorldSupporter?

      1. You can create a free account and follow your favorite subject or supporters (without extra services or online access to exclusives)
      2. You can join as WorldSupporter member to get access to basic services (without extra services or online access to exclusives)
      3. You can join as WorldSupporter member with extra services and online access to extra services and online access to exclusives: see also below

      How do you get full online access to all summaries and exclusives on JoHo WorldSupporter.org?

      • Procedure:

        • 1 - Go to JoHo.org/en/joinjoho, and join JoHo WorldSupporter by choosing a membership with online access
        • 2 - Return to WorldSupporter.org and create an account with the same email address
        • 3 - State your JoHo WorldSupporter Membership during the creation of your account
        • 4 - Choose your favorite study, student organization or topic during the creation of your account
      • Start using the services:

        • You have online access to all free + all exclusive summaries and study notes on WorldSupporter.org and JoHo.org
        • You can use all services on JoHo WorldSupporter.org
        • You can make use of the tools for work abroad, long journeys, voluntary work, internships and study abroad

      Already an account?

      • In case you have previously created a WorldSupporter account then, after registering with JoHo, you can change your status on your WorldSupporter account to membership with full online access. Edit your account and see under 'Profile' for the change.
      • Note: Again, you must have used the same email address.

      Become JoHo WorldSupporter member >>

       

      WorldSupporter: what to do to register as a JoHo member and use WorldSupporter?

      WorldSupporter: what to do to register as a JoHo member and use WorldSupporter?

      When you support JoHo...

      by joining as a JoHo member

      • By joining JoHo as a member, you support JoHo in all its activities in the areas of international cooperation and talent development
      • You can become a JoHo member by contributing €5.00 per calendar year

      through the purchase of JoHo subscription services

      • You can obtain JoHo subscription services for €10, €15,00 or €20.00 per calendar year for extra services and discounts

      by taking out (travel or health) insurance

      • By applying for a travel or health insurance via JoHo you do not only support JoHo, but also yourself
      • You pay less premium and you are able to use the services and discounts of a JoHo subscription for free 

      ....then JoHo will support you...

      with choice assistance & advice

      • concerning work, travel, study, inspiration and emigration

      with organization profiles & vacancies

      • for full time jobs, part time jobs, volunteer work, internships, and work experience positions at home or abroad

      with summaries & study support

      • such as printed and online study books, textbooks, professional literature, exams & practice questions, lecture notes, terms and readers

      with discounts on items & gifts

      • concerning travel, study, work, inspiration and emigration

      with discounts on activities & projects

      • such as air travel, holidays, volunteer work, language courses, and travelling 

      with discounts on insurances & advice

      • such as emigration insurances, travel insurances, and health insurances

      ...and together we support worldsupporters and projects

      • with personal development via worldsupporter.org and online tools
      • with international collaborations via projects in Africa, Asia, and South America
      • with bringing organizations and individuals into contact with each other to make each other stronger, more aware, and to inspire one another

      How do you receive free subscription services when insured via JoHo?

      • Are you a member and do you take out a yearly continuous insurance via JoHo? Then you are able to use the services and discounts of the JoHo subscription for free
      • How does it work? Become a JoHo member and apply for your travel or health insurance  via JoHo. As a JoHo member you will receive the benefits of the JoHo subscription

      How to choose and purchase a JoHo subscription services

      Purchasing JoHo subscription services

      • JoHo members can choose to purchase a subscription for choice assistance, advice, discounts, or extra support for JoHo
      • If you want to purchase subscription services, you are able to do so with the same form as the one to become a JoHo member
      • If you already are a JoHo member and want to change to, or add, a subscription, please fill out form for changing your membership

      How does registering, logging in & creating a password work

      • As a new JoHo member you automatically receive an online account at joho.org, which you can activate with a link that you will receive in your mailbox

      Read more at

      Are you able to become a member without an IBAN/SEPA bank account?

      • If you don't have an IBAN (international bank account number) with SEPA, but you still want to use membership services or support JoHo's projects and initiatives, including Smokey Tours, take a look at the page about International services

      What are the rules and guidelines?

      What is your JoHo number?

      • You can find your JoHo number at your My JoHo page as soon as you are logged in at joho.org
      • You need your JoHo number, for example, for obtaining the discounts on insurances, summaries, and at partner organisations
      • Have you lost your JoHo number? Please contact JoHo via the online contact forms or log in at joho.org and you will find your JoHo number at your account page on JoHo.org

       

      Join & Register (via JoHo.org)

      WorldSupporter: what are WorldSupporter Summaries and how to create or use them?

      WorldSupporter: what are WorldSupporter Summaries and how to create or use them?

      What types of summaries and study assistance does WorldSupporter offer?

      Summaries and study materials can be found in 6 different forms:

      • Book summaries: give you insight into the main and side issues of the most essential and current literature in your field
      • BulletPoint Summaries: ultra-short summaries displayed in bullets
      • Article summaries: summaries of scientific articles that you will use during and after your studies
      • ExamTickets: consist of short bullets with subject-oriented exam tips and sample questions, so that you know what you have to learn and how you should study
      • ExamTests: consist of bundles of exam and practice questions that provide extra understanding, test your knowledge and give insight into the way in which an exam will be taken
      • Study Notes & Sheets:  summaries of lectures, working groups that give you more insight into what is considered important by teachers.

      Why add a Summary or Study Note?

      • This content type allows you to explain a certain subject. This can be based on your own texts or on summarized versions of study material
      • Many Supporters use this content type for university course material, but feel free to use it as a broad tool for knowledge transfer
      • Always make sure that you do not violate copyright if you use material from others and make good use of source listings

      How to add a Summary or Study Note?

      • tip 1: by adding category tags your content will be easier to find by people with similar interests that not yet follow your account
      • tip 2: bring several summaries together and create easier navigation for yourself and your followers
      • tip 3: add an image in the 'image' field, because it will be used to highlight your contribution on your profile and other spotlight locations on WorldSupporter. Without an image your avatar will be used for these purposes.

      Where to find or read more about Summaries or Study Notes

      Where to add Summaries or Study Notes?

       

      WorldSupporter: how to use and find summaries, study notes en practice exams on JoHo WorldSupporter?

      WorldSupporter: how to use and find summaries, study notes en practice exams on JoHo WorldSupporter?

      Online access to all summaries, study notes en practice exams

      How and why would you use WorldSupporter.org for your summaries and study assistance?

      • For free use of many of the summaries and study aids provided or collected by your fellow students.
      • For free use of many of the lecture and study group notes, exam questions and practice questions.
      • For use of all exclusive summaries and study assistance for those who are member with JoHo WorldSupporter with online access
      • For compiling your own materials and contributions with relevant study help
      • For sharing and finding relevant and interesting summaries, documents, notes, blogs, tips, videos, discussions, activities, recipes, side jobs and more.

      Using and finding summaries, study notes and practice exams on JoHo WorldSupporter

      There are several ways to navigate the large amount of summaries, study notes en practice exams on JoHo WorldSupporter.

      1. Use the menu above every page to go to one of the main starting pages
        • Starting pages: for some fields of study and some university curricula editors have created (start) magazines where customised selections of summaries are put together to smoothen navigation. When you have found a magazine of your likings, add that page to your favorites so you can easily go to that starting point directly from your profile during future visits. Below you will find some start magazines per field of study
      2. Use the topics and taxonomy terms
        • The topics and taxonomy of the study and working fields gives you insight in the amount of summaries that are tagged by authors on specific subjects. This type of navigation can help find summaries that you could have missed when just using the search tools. Tags are organised per field of study and per study institution. Note: not all content is tagged thoroughly, so when this approach doesn't give the results you were looking for, please check the search tool as back up
      3. Check or follow your (study) organizations:
        • by checking or using your study organizations you are likely to discover all relevant study materials.
        • this option is only available trough partner organizations
      4. Check or follow authors or other WorldSupporters
        • by following individual users, authors  you are likely to discover more relevant study materials.
      5. Use the Search tools
        • 'Quick & Easy'- not very elegant but the fastest way to find a specific summary of a book or study assistance with a specific course or subject.
        • The search tool is also available at the bottom of most pages

      Do you want to share your summaries with JoHo WorldSupporter and its visitors?

      Quicklinks to fields of study for summaries and study assistance

      Field of study

      WorldSupporter: what is JoHo WorldSupporter, how to join and how to contribute?

      WorldSupporter: what is JoHo WorldSupporter, how to join and how to contribute?

      What is 'WorldSupporter'?

      • JoHo WorldSupporter is the online platform where individuals and organizations inspire and help each other on a local and global level
      • You can share and find everything you need to help another, travel responsibly, study well, develop yourself and work for an organization that creates a better world
      • You can gain knowledge, share experiences, answer questions, post comments and publish your own WorldSupporter resume
      • You can share your summaries, photos, blogs, journals, events, sustainable recipes and tips with others
      • You can create and share study materials with WorldSupporters from countries that lack access to educational resources,
      • You can share learning materials that can be used by volunteers helping out in schools around the world.
      • You can work with WorldSupporters from over 150 countries to help make the world around you a better and more tolerant place.

      What is a 'WorldSupporter account and Profile'?

      • A WorldSupporter account can be created in minutes and is linked to your Personal WorldSupporter profile.
      • Your WorldSupporter profile:
        • acts as your own platform for all the content you create or collect on WorldSupporter,
        • shows all content recently created by the organizations, groups and individuals you personally follow,
        • shows what you contribute to the world around you.

      What do you need to do to join, register and get started?

      • to use WorldSupporter for free, you can create an acoount and follow your favorite subject or supporters
      • to support and use WorldSupporter: go to www JoHo.org, and join as a JoHo WorldSupporter member.
      • to use all summaries: go to go to www JoHo.org and join JoHo WorldSupporter Member with full online access to all summaries and content
      • for a profile on WorldSupporter: go to the login page page or use the 'sign in' link in the menu
      • for login: go to the login page to log in or use the 'sign in' link in the menu, visible on every page

      Join JoHo WorldSupporter >>

       

      WorldSupporter: register with JoHo WorldSupporter
      Crossroads: related content in the field of
      Summaries: per study field and university

      Summaries per study and study field What is this page about?

      • Contents: information about summaries per study and study field on WorldSupporter
      • Study areas: Business, Education, Health, Psychology, Law, Nature, Society and more
      • Languages: English, Dutch
      • Access...

      5 Morning Habits Of Highly Successful Students
      • Try to wake up more or less at the same time.
      • Keep your alarm clock on the other side of the room.
      • Get moving to light your day.
      • Plan your day ahead.
      • Healthy breakfast and hydration make a perfect combination!
      • Conclusion
      • A college s...

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