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An Introduction to International Criminal Law and Procedure
International Criminal Law and Procedure by Cryer e.a.
- Part A: Introduction
- Chapter 1: Aspects of international criminal law
- Chapter 2: The aims of international criminal law
- Part B: Prosecutions in municipal courts and tribunals
- Chapter 3: Jurisdictional issues
- Chapter 4: Domestic trials of international crimes
- Chapter 5: Inter-State collaboration in the context of domestic trials
- Part C: International criminal trials
- Chapter 6: The first international criminal trials: the International Military Tribunals
- Chapter 7: The International Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda
- Chapter 8: The International Criminal Court
- Chapter 9: Hybrid or internationalised courts
- Part D: The content of international criminal law
- Chapter 10: Genocide
- Chapter 11: Crimes against humanity
- Chapter 12: War crimes
- Chapter 13: Aggression
- Part E: Procedures and standards of international trials
- Chapter 15: Broad liability standards
- Chapter 16: Defences, or grounds for omitting criminal responsibility
- Chapter 17: Rules pertaining to investigations and prosecutions in international criminal law
- Chapter 18: The role of victims in international trials
- Chapter 19: Punishments
- Part F: Links between municipal and international criminal jurisdictions
- Chapter 20: Collaboration of States with international criminal jurisdictions
- Chapter 21: Inviolabilities
- Chapter 22: Substitutes and supplements for international criminal trials
- Chapter 23: The path forward
- Glossary
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Part A: Introduction
Chapter 1: Aspects of international criminal law
Introduction
Public international law primarily regulates interactions between States. However, international criminal law is mainly concerned with the conduct of individual persons. If persons violate international laws, that imposes the obligation on States to penalise such actions. International criminal law has been rapidly developing following the Second World War. This means that the broader field of international law is increasingly focusing on protecting humans rather than only the interests and obligations of States. An exception to this is that the crime of aggression can only be committed by (high-ranking) State officials. The project of international criminal law is quite recent.. Especially the Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda established in the 1990s have been important for its case law. International criminal courts and tribunals courts do not possess universal jurisdiction. Their rules are not always homogeneous or consistent. This can be explained partially by the fact that international criminal rules derive from a variety of sources. War crimes, for example, have developed from international humanitarian law. Genocide and crimes against humanity have evolved together with international human rights standards. War crimes, genocide, crimes against humanity and the crime of aggression constitute the most important crimes on which international law focuses. These are also the.....read more
Summary with the 1st edition of Comparative Law by Siems
- Why is there a need to compare laws? - Chapter 1
- Which method should be used for comparing laws? - Chapter 2
- How to classify all the legal systems in the world? - Chapter 3
- How to map the legal systems of the world? - Chapter 4
- What is postmodern comparative law? - Chapter 5
- Which socio-legal approaches are there to compare laws? - Chapter 6
- What is the numerical comparative law? - Chapter 7
- What are legal transplants? - Chapter 8
- What is the role of state borders in the comparative law? - Chapter 9
- What role does comparative law play in development? - Chapter 10
- How does 'implicity' deals with the comparison of laws? - Chapter 11
- Which conclusions can be made about comparative law? - Chapter 12
Why is there a need to compare laws? - Chapter 1
Most lawyers are completely trained in the law of their own jurisdiction. When they leave the borders of their own country, they can feel lost. Comparative law aims to address this problem. But where do you have to start? And which method should you apply?
1. Why compare laws?
How to get into comparative-law thinking
Becoming interested in comparative law happens most of the time quite naturally. Assume that a lawyer from country A is dealing with a tricky problem and someone suggests that it can help to look at the neighbouring country B. The lawyer finds a similar rule in country B and starts wondering why it’s slightly different. This is how the lawyer will slide into comparative law, he will start to do research at the background of the domestic and foreign legal rules and might even look at country C.
Purposes of comparative law
Comparative lawyers often use different classifications when they discuss the objectives of comparative law. Three categories can be distinguished:
knowledge and understanding: knowledge of foreign laws is valuable where these laws are relevant for the domestic legal system. Knowledge of foreign laws can make lawyers of students reflect on their own laws. Next to that, comparative law broadens the understanding of how legal rules work in context.
use of comparative law at the domestic level: foreign law can be an important aid to the legislator. It can provide models of how well different sets of legal rules work in addressing a particular problem. Also judges can make use of foreign law. In some cases conflict of law rules may require them to do so, but in other cases, judges may wish to take the foreign ideas into account. A potential problem may be that the context of foreign law may be different and
Summary with International Business Law: Custom Edition Groningen University
- What is Law? - Chapter 1
- What are legal systems and the sources of law? - Chapter 2
- What is The International Dimension of Competition Law? - Chapter 3
- What is contract law? - Nature of the Agreement: Offer and Acceptance - Chapter 4.4 & 4.5
- What are the terms of a contract? - Chapter 4.6
- What does the International Sales and the Vienna Sales Convention contain? - Chapter 4.8
- What are methods for the discharge of contracts and the relevant contractual remedies? - Chapter 4.8
- What is the tort of negligence? - Chapter 5
- What is Intellectual Property Law? - Chapter 6
- What are the Theoretical Accounts of European Intellectual Property? - Chapter 6
- What are the Contracts of Carriage of Goods by Sea? - Chapter 7
- International Business Law - Custom Edition Groningen University - BulletPoints
What is Law? - Chapter 1
This chapter aims to consider law, both as a concept and within its wide context.
What is the definition of law?
Law is the set of rules by which a state or community operates; they govern the actions of the subjects and can be enforced by the imposition of penalties, such as fines or imprisonment.
How does law relate to its subjects?
Law is applicable in social, political and economic disciplines; it relates to all citizens. It is a body of rules that concern many different subjects, such as people, animals, companies and institutions. It outlines both substantive rules of law and the procedures people use when law is applied or enforced.
Everyday examples of the laws that relate to citizens include:
- Statute: law passed by Parliament.
- Government and EU regulations: these regulations are put in place as protection from the wrongdoings of service providers.
- The right to use property is governed by a variety of legal rules, such as statutes, case law or both.
- There are statutory penalties for crimes such as burglary.
Law is necessary to maintain order in society. Without law, the state would be disorganised, leading to chaos. Formal regulation is needed in order to regulate the affairs of not just human activity but also larger companies and public bodies.
Does law have boundaries?
It is important to not view law in isolation. Law consists of a set of subjects that all have an impact on each other. Law is at the centre of an interlinked variation of academic disciplines. When studying law, boundaries must be waived; law must be viewed within context. Lawyers must also be aware of the dynamics of law; how it works and why.
How does law relate to morality?
Law must be able to provide some guidance about how to conduct oneself. It sets
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Summary of International Law by Shaw: 7th edition
- Chapter A The nature and development of international law
- Chapter B International law today
- Chapter C Sources
- Chapter D The subjects of international law
- Chapter E Recognition
- Chapter F Jurisdiction
- Chapter G Territory
- Chapter H The Law of the Sea
- Chapter I Immunities from jurisdiction
- Chapter J State responsibility
- Chapter K The law of treaties + State succession
- Chapter L International environmental law
- Chapter M The settlement of disputes by peaceful means
- Chapter N The International Court of Justice
- Chapter O International law and the use of force by states
- Chapter P The United Nations
- Source
Chapter A The nature and development of international law
The principal actors in international law are nation-states, not individual citizens like in domestic or municipal law. International law is divided into conflict of law, private international law and public international law. The latter is usually termed ‘international law’. Public international law covers relations between states in all their forms, and regulates the operations of the many international institutions. It may be universal or general, binding upon all states, or regional, binding upon a select group of states.
International law has no legislature. There is no system of courts operating outside the situation when both parties agree and recognize the concerned Court. International law is constituted in a very different manner than domestic law. Also, there is no unified system of sanctions in international law, but there are circumstances in which the use of force is regarded as justified and legal. Within the United Nations, the Security Council can impose sanctions upon the determination of a threat to the peace, a breach of the peace or an act of aggression. Such sanctions may be economic or military. Another justification of the use of force is in the case of self-defense, but it is bound to rules provided by international law. It is important to realize that states do feel the need to obey the rules of international law, because if they do not act accordingly, the system of international law ceases to exist.
The international system
The international system has a horizontal structure; all states are considered equal. In municipal law, the law is above individuals, but in international law the law only exists between the states. Also, in municipal law, the individual has no influence on the creation of law. In international law, states create it themselves, as international law consists mostly of agreements and treaties developed and signed by states. An important element for states in order to obey international law is the principle of reciprocity. States often do not pursue one particular course of action which might bring them short-term gains, because it could
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Summaries per chapter with the 2nd edition of International Law by Henriksen
Summaries per chapter with the 2nd edition of International Law by Henriksen
With this book, Anders Henriksen has created a complete overview of international law. The book starts of with the basics of international law. All the important terms are discussed in detail. Comparisons are made between international and national but also EU-law.
After the explanation of the basics, different types of law are discussed. The influence of international law is made clear in this respect. The law of the sea, human rights law, environmental law and economic law all fall under international law for some part, but they differ from each other in certain aspects. What complicates this even more, is that states and international organizations also have established their own rules.
Lastly, it is discussed how international law can be enforced and what happens when it is not obeyed. The book touches on peaceful dispute settlement, use of force, armed conflicts and international criminal law, and the relation between these breaches and solutions of international law.
The book is written especially for students, so everything is neatly structured and clearly explained. This book is perfect for beginning students who are just starting to learn about international law but also provides a very complete and detailed understanding of international law. The fact that de book starts of with the basics and later dives into the more complex issues, makes the material very understandable.
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