What are group dynamics? - ExamTests 1

MC-questions

Question 1

How is a group not defined:

1. Connected to each other.
2. Common enemy.
3. Two or more individuals.
4. Through social relationships

Question 2

What is the correct answer? All groups have a few corresponding characteristics. For example, these are:

1. Interaction, clear structure, interdependence.
2. Interaction, meet primary needs, cohesion.
3. Clear structure, interdependence, cohesion.
4. Clear structure, meet primary needs, cohesion.

Question 3

By definition, a social group is a ....

1. Primary group.
2. Non-primary group.
3. Task-orientated group.
4. Relationship-orientated group.

Answer indication

Question 1

B. Common enemy.

Question 2

C. Clear structure, interdependence, cohesion.

Question 3

B. Non-primary group.

How can groups be examined? - ExamTests 2

MC-questions

Question 1

The study of groups is not done by..

1. Overt observation by the testleader.
2. Covert observation by the testleader.
3. Overt en covert observationss by groupmembers.
4. Self-report by groupmembers.

Question 2

With observations, behavior can be coded with numbers. A well-known codingsystem within group dynamics is....

1. Interaction process analysis.
2. Sociometry.
3. Social network analysis.
4. Diverse group process analysis.

Question 3

A research method in which the researcher manipulates an independent variable and measures a dependent variable is called..

1. Self-report.
2. Case study.
3. Experiment.
4. Correlational research.

Question 4

Skinner assumed that the law of effect was related to behavior. This is an example of....

1. Motivational perspective.
2. Behavioral perspective.
3. Systems perspective.
4. Biological perspective.

Answer indication

Question 1

C. Overt en covert observationss by groupmembers

Question 2

A. Interaction process analysis

Question 3

C. Experiment

Question 4

B. Behavioral perspective

What is identity? - ExamTests 3

MC-questions

Question 1

What is not correct?

1. We all have the need to belong.
2. The smaller the social capital, the better the ties between individuals.
3. A group that creates a link between members, like a social club, often only results in decreased feelings of social loneliness and not often in decreased feelings of emotional loneliness.
4. A groupmember can be punished by ostracizing him.

Question 2

If someone describes himself in terms of personal characteristics, he does this from ... on a ...level.

1. Individualism, meso.
2. Collectivism, micro.
3. Individualism, micro.
4. Collectivism, meso.

Question 3

For their research, Tajfel en Turner used a research procedure called minimal intergroup situation. Results showed that groupmembers who have nothing to do with each other....

1. Showed little interest in each other.
2. Showed altruistic behavior towards each other quite quickly.
3. Valued their own group just as much as another group.
4. Thought more positively about each other than about members of a different group.

Answer indication

Question 1

B. The smaller the social capital, the better the ties between individuals.

Question 2

C. Individualism, micro.

Question 3

D. Thought more positively about each other than about members of a different group.

What is formation? - ExamTests 4

MC-questions

Question 1

There are three types of social motivation. Which of the following is not one of them?

1. Need for affiliation.
2. Need for intimacy.
3. Need for equipment.
4. Need for power.

Question 2

Bowlby's attachment theory describes attachment styles. When someone is insecure about himself and is scared of rejection, that person has a ....

1. Secure attachment style.
2. Preoccupied attachment style.
3. Fearful attachment style.
4. Dismissing attachment style.

Question 3

Newcomb described factors that influenced the tendency to seek out relationships. Which of the following is not one of them?

1. Heterophily.
2. Proximity.
3. Elaboration.
4. Complementarity.

Answer indication

Question 1

C. Need for equipment.

Question 2

D. Dismissing attachment style.

Question 3

A. Heterophily.

How does cohesion develop within a group? - ExamTests 5

MC-questions

Question 1

Hogg found that any factor that increases the tendency of group members to categorize themselves as a group member will lead to less personal attraction. This is an example of...

1. Social cohesion.
2. Taskcohesion.
3. Emotional cohesion.
4. Collective cohesion.

Question 2

A serious form of initiation, whereby members are exposed to serious psychological and physical experiences, is called...

1. Cognitive dissonance.
2. Hazing.
3. Tradition.
4. Dominance.

Answer indication

Question 1

A. Social cohesion.

Question 2

B. Hazing.

What is structure? - ExamTests 6

MC-questions

Question 1

There are different types of norms. An evaluative consensual standard that describes how people should act, feel, and think in a given situation, is a ...

1. Prescriptive norm.
2. Proscriptive norm.
3. Descriptive norm.
4. Injunctive norm.

Question 2

The social network analysis includes different indexes. … is the number of conncetions someone has with other people, ... are the gaps within the network that seperates subgroups.

1. Outdegree centrality, holes.
2. Indegree centrality, holes.
3. Outdegree centrality, cliques.
4. Indegree centrality, cliques.

Answer indication

Question 1

D. Injunctive norm.

Question 2

A. Outdegree centrality, holes.

What is influence? - ExamTests 7

MC-questions

Question 1

Conformity can be expressed in different ways. If you have the same opinion as the group, you do not have to adjust that opinion. This is an example of...

1. Independence conformity.
2. Conversion / private acceptance.
3. Congruence conformity.
4. Compliance / asquiescence.

Question 2

What is incorrect?

1. Personal characteristics influence the degree of conformity.
2. Women conform more often than men.
3. Conformity in collectivistic cultures is more common.
4. Conformity is lower with contact through the internet than with face-to-face contact.

Question 3

According to Latané’s dynamic social impact theory, conforming follows numerous processes. For example: individuals can keep their different opinion, because of the cluster formation within a group. This is called...

1. Continuing diversity.
2. Correlation.
3. Clustering.
4. Consolidation.

Question 4

What is correct?

1. Injunctive norms more demanding than descriptive norms.
2. The black sheep effect is judging an outgroup member more negatively than an ingroup member.
3. Individuals only change by direct influences of others, not by indirect influence.
4. The bystander effect can be counteracted when there is a sense of shared responsibility.

Question 5

Juries who come to a conclusion before a decision in a court case is made and who divide the evidence into two groups: ‘guilty’ or ‘not guilty’, are … juries. The bigger the jury, the ... chance for a hungjury.

1. Verdict driven, smaller.
2. Evidence driven, smaller.
3. Verdict driven, bigger.
4. Evidence driven, bigger.

Answer indication

Question 1

D. Compliance / asquiescence.

Question 2

D. Conformity is lower with contact through the internet than with face-to-face contact.

Question 3

A. Continuing diversity.

Question 4

A. ...Injunctive norms more demanding than descriptive norms.

Question 5

C. ...evidence driven, bigger.

What is power? - ExamTests 8

MC-questions

Question 1

If a person uses his relationship with another person to get what he wants and does this with the cooperation of the other person, he uses a ... tactic with a .... interaction.

1. Hard, bilateral.
2. Soft, bilateral.
3. Hard, unilateral.
4. Soft, unilateral.

Question 2

The bastheba syndrome is an example of...

1. The positive effect of power.
2. The positive effect of collaboration.
3. The negative effect of power.
4. The negative effect of collaboration.

Answers

Question 1

B. Soft, bilateral.

Question 2

C. The negative effect of power.

What is leadership? - ExamTests 9

MC-questions

Question 1

When the leader and the followers work together on a project, it is a interpersonal.... process.

1. Cooperative.
2. Transactional.
3. Transformational.
4. Reciprocal.

Question 2

A leader has multiple competences. Which of the following is not one of them?

1. Emotional intelligence.
2. Intelligence (IQ).
3. Creative intelligence.
4. Praktical intelligence.

Question 3

The .... assumes that people are in need of leadership and use unconscious psychological processes to defend themselves against the idea that they will die one day. Self-esteem works as a self-defense mechanism.

1. Implicit leadership theories.
2. Terror management theory.
3. Social role theory.
4. Social identity theory.

Question 4

A low LPC-score indicate a ..... oriented leader en that leader is best in ... situations.

1. Relationship, improving.
2. Task, improving.
3. Relationship, geheel geschikt of ongeschikt.
4. Task, geheel geschikt of ongeschikt.

Answer indication

Question 1

B. Transactional.

Question 2

C. Creative intelligence.

Question 3

B. Terror management theory.

Question 4

D. Task, geheel geschikt of ongeschikt.

What is performance? - ExamTests 10

MC-questions

Question 1

What is not a cause of social loafing?

1. By judging individual performance.
2. Not feeling like you are making a unique contribution.
3. Sucker effect.
4. Unclear goals.

Question 2

A … task must be carried out in its entirety. With a … task, a high degree of production is necessary.

1. Divisible, maximizing.
2. Unitary, maximizing.
3. Divisible, optimizing.
4. Unitary, optimizing.

Question 3

A task that can only be completed succesfully if all members contribute, is called..

1. Disjunctive task.
2. Discretionary task.
3. Additive task.
4. Conjunctive task.

Answers

Question 1

A. By judging individual performance.

Question 2

B. Unitary, maximizing.

Question 3

D. Conjunctive task.

What are teams? - ExamTests 11

MC-questions

Question 1

Which of the following is correct?

1. A team distinguishes itself from other groups by, among other things, the intensity of the relationships.

2. In teams, members are more codependent than in other groups.

1. Both are incorrect.
2. 1 is correct, 2 is incorrect.
3. 1 is incorrect, 2 is correct.
4. Both are correct.

Question 2

A team whereby an external leader leads the team, but whereby members are responsible for the execution of the tasks and the monitoring of the workprocesses, is called...

1. Self-designing team.
2. Manager-led team.
3. Self-governing team.
4. Self-managing team.

Question 3

There is an categorization of teamwork on the basis of three processes. Which of the following is not one of them?

1. Interpersonal process.
2. Transition process.
3. Independency process.
4. Action process.

Answer indication

Question 1

D. Both are correct.

Question 2

A. Self-designing team.

Question 3

C. Independency process.

How do groups make decisions? - ExamTests 12

MC-questions

Question 1

The perceived fairness with which rights or resources are distributed, are called... justice. When a group has to be animously about a decision, we talk about.....

1. Distributive, consensus.
2. Distributive, majority rule.
3. Procedural, consensus.
4. Procedural, majority rule.

Question 2

Decisional biases caused by overlooking useful information, are called....

1. Sins of omission.
2. Confirmation bias.
3. Sins of commission.
4. Sins of imprecision.

Question 3

Polarisation can have both positive and negative consequences. Which of the following is incorrect?

1. Polarisation can cause optimism about the future.
2. The sides within a group can be strengthened.
3. When polarisation occurs, individuals adjust their opinion because of the status of others, not because of the content of their opinion.
4. Considered from an evolutionary perspective, polaristion is negative, because there are less ideas to solve dangerous situations.

Answer indication

Question 1

A. Distributive, consensus.

Question 2

A. Sins of omission.

Question 3

D. Considered from an evolutionary perspective, polaristion is negative, because there are less ideas to solve dangerous situations.

What is conflict? - ExamTests 13

MC-questions

Question 1

According to the social value orientation, people have ... orientation, when they want to maximalize their own profit, while trying to keep the losses of other small too.

1. A cooperation.
2. A competitive.
3. An altruistic.
4. An individualistic.

Question 2

The … is a social dilemma whereby individuals can maximalize their outcomes by pursuing their personal goals instead of collective goals. When all members act selfish, the group will suffer great losses.

1. Social trap dilemma.
2. Public goods dilemma.
3. Fairness dilemma.
4. Egocentric dilemma.

Question 3

What is a good way to solve a conflict?

1. To negotiate about goods and positions.
2. Communicating to make your own motives and goals clear.
3. To collaborate with the other.
4. To challenge or to provoke the other.

Answer indication

Question 1

B. A competitive.

Question 2

A. Social trap dilemma.

Question 3

D. To challenge or to provoke the other.

What are intergroup relations? - ExamTests 14

MC-questions

Question 1

… assumes that hostility, caused by frustrating circumstances, is expressed by taking hostile acts towards other social groups.

1. General aggression model.
2. Stereotype content model.
3. The norm of reciprocity.
4. Scapegoat theory.

Question 2

The tendency to assume that members of other groups are very similar, while members of the own group are seen as more heterogeneous, is called...

1. Fundamental attribution error.
2. Outgroup homogeinity bias.
3. Ingroup heterogeneity bias.
4. Law of small numbers.

Question 3

Which of the following is correct?

1. The stereotype contect model identifies warmth and degree of cooperation as two basic dimensions.

2. With contempt, it is thought that the group is neither warm nor cooperative.

1. Both are incorrect.
2. 1 is correct, 2 is incorrect.
3. 1 is incorrect, 2 is correct.
4. Both are correct.

Question 4

… is a psychological process in which opponents in a conflict start to see each other as less human, so that morality issues no longer apply, and this often goes together with …

1. Moral exclusion, dehumanization.
2. Moral exclusion, contempt.
3. Dehumanization, contempt.
4. Contempt, dehumanization.

Answer indication

Question 1

D. Law of small numbers.

Question 2

B. Outgroup homogeinity bias.

Question 3

A. Both are incorrect.

Question 4

A. Moral exclusion, dehumanization.

How do groups work in different contexts? - ExamTests 15

MC-questions

Question 1

Multiple factors from the environment can cause stress. Which of the following does not seem one of them?

1. Danger.
2. Temperature.
3. Addiction.
4. Noise.

Question 2

When people stay out of the personal zone, you prevent an uncomfortable feeling. When discussing, chatting and driving together are enjoyable, people are in the … zone.

1. Social.
2. Intimate.
3. Remote.
4. Personal.

Question 3

Which of the followin is correct?

When density is high, crowding arises.

De density-intensity hypothesis explains why high density makes pleasant situations more pleasant and unpleasant situations more unpleasant.

1. Both are incorrect.
2. 1 is correct, 2 is incorrect.
3. 1 is incorrect, 2 is correct.
4. Both are correct.

Question 4

Different types of groups need different types of spaces. What is correct?

1. In dens, people work best in their own, closed-off work space.
2. In cells, people work best in a space that both offers individual and collaborative workspaces.
3. In hives, people function best in an open space with workcubicles where everyone has their own small work space.
4. In clubs, people function best in an open space.

Answer indication

Question 1

C. Addiction.

Question 2

D. Personal.

Question 3

C. 1 is incorrect, 2 is correct.

Question 4

D. In clubs, people function best in an open space.

How does growth and change take place? - ExamTests 16

MC-questions

Question 1

… is a type of therapy whereby interpersonal and psychological problems are being handled by the application of behavioral principles in a groupcontext.

1. Cognitive-behavioral therapy.
2. Interpersonal group psychotherapy.
3. Gestalt group therapy.
4. Group psychoanalysis.

Question 2

An interpersonal learning group is an example of a structured learning group. You can describe this as..

1. An unstructured group, focused on the improvement of spontaneity, on the improvement of personal awereness and focused on maximalizing the sensitivity of the members.
2. A planned intervention whereby the focus is on a specific interpersonal problem or skill.
3. A trainingsintervention whereby skills are being developed.
4. A short, but structured intervention to deal with psychological, behavioral and emotional problems.

Question 3

Which of the following statements is correct?

1. Universality is an example of a therapeutic factor.

2. Self-esteem can not be improved with upward social comparison.

1. Both are incorrect.
2. 1 is correct, 2 is incorrect.
3. 1 is incorrect, 2 is correct.
4. Both are correct.

Question 4

… is the acquisition of knowledge about yourself.

1. Catharsis.
2. Altruïsm.
3. Insight.
4. Social learning.

Answer indication

Question 1

A. Cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Question 2

B. A planned intervention whereby the focus is on a specific interpersonal problem or skill.

Question 3

D. Both are correct.

Question 4

C. Insight.

What are crowds and collectives? - ExamTests 17

MC-questions

Question 1

Certain behaviors have been observed that are performed by group members. When people start running in the same direction, it's called...

1. Movement.
2. Orientation.
3. Positioning.
4. Vocalization.

Question 2

What is correct?

With acquisitive panics, people are afraid that a certain scarce substance will run out.

A collective movement is sometimes preceded by a rumor.

1. Both are incorrect.
2. 1 is correct, 2 is incorrect.
3. 1 is incorrect, 2 is correct.
4. Both are correct.

Question 3

Zimbardo described numerous factors that can cause deindividuation. Which of the following did Zimbardo not describe?

1. Surroundings.
2. Arousal.
3. Resonsibility.
4. Anonymity.

Answer indication

Question 1

A. Movement.

Question 2

D. Both are correct.

Question 3

A. Surroundings.