Samenvattingen voor sociale psychologie

 

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samenvattingen voor sociale psychologie

Wat is sociale psychologie?

  • Sociale psychologie is de tak van psychologie die tracht de aard en oorzaken van gedrag en gedachten van individuen in sociale situaties op wetenschappelijke wijze te verklaren.
  • Sociale psychologie past de wetenschappelijke waarden en methodes toe bij het onderzoeken. Sociaal gedrag en gedachten kunnen namelijk niet betrouwbaar met het gezonde verstand of intuïtie verklaard worden. Deze zijn namelijk door vooroordelen beïnvloed. Wetenschap refereert naar een reeks waarden en meerdere methodes die gebruikt kunnen worden om een breed scala aan onderwerpen te onderzoeken. Vier van de belangrijkste kernwaarden zijn:
    • Nauwkeurigheid (‘accuracy’). Een toezegging tot het verzamelen en evalueren van informatie over de wereld (inclusief sociaal gedrag en -denken) op een manier die zo zorgvuldig, nauwkeurig en foutloos mogelijk is.
    • Objectiviteit (‘objectivity). Een toezegging tot het verwerven en evalueren van zulke informatie op een manier die vrij van bias en zo humaan mogelijk is.
    • Scepticisme (‘skepticism’). Een toezegging tot het accepteren van bevindingen als accuraat enkel als ze herhaaldelijk zijn geverifieerd.
    • Onbevangenheid (‘open-mindedness’). Een toezegging tot het veranderen van je visie, zelfs als er sterk aan wordt vastgehouden, als bestaand bewijs suggereert dat deze visie onnauwkeurig is.
  • Deze waarden zijn belangrijk omdat de mens geen perfecte informatieverwerkingsmachine is. Zo is bijvoorbeeld een veelgemaakte denkfout of illusie de planning fallacy, de sterke neiging om te geloven dat plannen minder tijd zullen innemen, dan dat ze in werkelijkheid doen.

   

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Wat is sociale psychologie? - Chapter 1

Wat is sociale psychologie? - Chapter 1

Sociale psychologie is de studie naar de manier waarop gedachten, gevoelens en gedragingen van mensen beïnvloed worden door de (fysieke of niet-fysieke) aanwezigheid van andere mensen, de sociale situatie. Sociale invloed ligt ten grondslag aan de sociale psychologie. Het gaat hierbij om het effect dat andere personen hebben op onze eigen gedachten, gevoelens, houdingen of gedragingen. Dit kan door directe invloeden (overtuigen), door enkel de aanwezigheid van anderen of zelfs door de normen en waarden van mensen die niet aanwezig zijn (zoals ouders). Een speciaal interessegebied binnen de sociale psychologie is het ontstaan van conflicten tussen verschillende invloeden, bijvoorbeeld die van ouders en vrienden.

Sociale psychologie, wetenschap en gezond verstand

Vroeger werd filosofie gebruikt om meer inzicht te verwerven in de menselijke natuur. Filosofen zijn de grondleggers voor de huidige psychologie. Psychologen hebben veel geleerd van de filosofische theorieën over bewustzijn en over hoe mensen een mening vormen over de sociale wereld. Tegenwoordig proberen sociaal psychologen het menselijk gedrag te verklaren op empirische wijze, dus door het testen van hypotheses met behulp van onderzoeken en experimenten. Als wetenschappers hebben zij dan ook als doel om antwoorden te vinden op diverse vraagstukken uit het dagelijkse leven. Mensen hebben vaak de neiging om (schokkende) gebeurtenissen te verklaren en daarmee te versimpelen. Op die manier kan bij grote gebeurtenissen (zoals 9/11) een schuldige aangewezen worden en kan dit gedrag verklaard worden door te stellen dat deze persoon ‘gestoord’ en ‘ziek’ is. Dit terwijl wetenschappelijk bewijs vaak uitwijst dat dergelijke mensen (zoals terroristen) vaak mentaal gezond en intelligent en hoogopgeleid zijn. Dit betekent niet dat sociaal psychologen tegen het gebruik van het boerenverstand zijn, het tegendeel is juist waar. Er zijn echter zoveel sociale verklaringen die allemaal logisch lijken, dat het onduidelijk is welke de correcte is. Vaak spreken de verklaringen elkaar ook tegen. Sociaal psychologen kunnen een ‘educated guess’ of een hypothese maken over welke van deze verklaringen het meest waarschijnlijk is en deze vervolgens testen.

Welke disciplines zijn gerelateerd aan de sociale psychologie?

Er zijn disciplines die veel overeenkomsten hebben met sociale psychologie. De disciplines die het sterkst gerelateerd zijn aan sociale psychologie zijn sociologie en persoonlijkheidspsychologie. Sociologie richt zich op groepen mensen (afkomst, leeftijd, land) en heeft hierbij vaak dezelfde interessegebieden als sociale psychologie (zoals agressie). Persoonlijkheidspsychologie bestudeert individuele verschillen (min of meer ongeacht de omstandigheden). Sociale psychologie ligt in het midden en richt zich op het individu in de context van een sociale situatie en op universele psychologische processen die mensen vatbaar(der) maken voor sociale invloed (individuele persoonlijkheid

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From language courses to gap year abroad, from work experience to volunteering abroad, from paid work to internship abroad, from mountaineering to diving and from backpacking to travel around the world

    What social activities can you do abroad?

    • Opportunities are found in the areas of helping, learning or studying. You can get involved to volunteer in a social project at a school in Africa, Asia or Latin America. You can get involved in nature, in a project with animals or cleaning the sea or beaches. Those who want to learn more can choose for example a language course in Latin America, Spain or South Africa.

    What work related activities can you do abroad?

    • If you want to gain work experience, and/or also earn money, go and work abroad. You can combine backpacking in Australia with temporary work. You can work on campsites in Europe or bush camps in Africa. You can pretty much go all over the world to work in the hospitality industry, hotels and hostels, in the healthcare sector or for example at a diving school.

    What sports activities to do abroad?

    • Have you ever thought of mountain biking, rafting (going down a wild river on a raft or rubber dinghy, climbing or canoeing), survival (which involves building rafts, climbing or canoeing), abseiling (descending a rock face while secured to ropes), zip-lining (whizzing down a cable), canyoning (starting at the top of a river and then climbing, swimming, diving down the bed) or caving (scrambling, wriggling and crawling through caves and crevices)?
    • Maybe you feel more comfortable on a bodyboard (on a half-wave surfboard, you surf the high waves lying down-with flippers), on a hang glider or while paragliding (with a parachute you float down a mountain or dune), hydrospeeding (on a bodyboard with flippers and a wetsuit on you go down a wild river via rapids) or Tiefschneeskiing (racing down through powder snow)?

    Check the pages below for more activities and inspiration and where to go and how to arrange it

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      Social psychology and social relations: The best textbooks summarized

      Social psychology and social relations: The best textbooks summarized

      Summaries and Study Assistance with Social psychology and social relations

      Table of content

      • Summary with the book: An Introduction to Social Psychology by Hewstone a.o. - 7th edition
      • Summary with the book: Applied Social Psychology: Understanding and Managing Social Problems by Steg a.o. - 2nd edition
      • Summary with the book: Applying Social Psychology: From Problems to Solutions by Buunk a.o. - 3rd edition
      • Summary with the book: Cultural Psychology by Heine - 4th edition
      • Summary with the book: Getting to yes: negotiating an agreement without giving in by Fisher a.o. - 3rd edition
      • Summary with the book: Group Dynamics by Forsyth - 7th edition
      • Summary with the book: Influence: Science and Practice by Cialdini - 5th edition
      • Summary with the book: Lord of the Flies by Golding - 1st edition
      • Summary with the book: Psychology of Prejudice and Discrimination by Whitley and Kite - 3rd edition
      • Summary with the book: Sensation and Perception by Yantis and Abrams - 2nd edition
      • Summary with the book: Self-determination theory and work motivation by Gagne
      • Summary with the book: Social Cognition: From Brains to Culture by Fiske and Taylor - 4th edition
      • Summary with the book: Social Psychology by Baron and Branscombe - 14th edition
      • Summary with the book: Social Psychology by Heinzen and Goodfriend - 2nd edition
      • Summary with the book: Social Psychology by Hogg and Vaughan - 9th edition
      • Summary with the book: Social Psychology by Kassin - 11th edition
      • Summary with the book: Social Psychology by Smith a.o. - 4th edition
      • Summary with the book: Social Psychology and Organizations by De Cremer a.o. - 1st edition
      • Summary with the book: Social Psychology: People in Groups
      • Summary with the book: The Practice of Social Research by Babbie - 15th edition
      • Summary with the book: The Psychology of Advertising by Fennis and Stroebe - 3rd edition
      • Summary with the book: Values and how do people react to them by Latham
      • Summary with the book: Youth studies: An introduction by Furlong

      About Social psychology and social relations

      • Social psychology delves into how individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by social contexts and interactions. Social relations encompass the dynamic connections and interactions between people, shaping relationships, group dynamics, and broader societal structures.
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